00:00
Hey everyone and welcome back to the channel.
大家好，歡迎回到本頻道。
00:03
Today we're rediving into a topic that might sound intimidating but is absolutely crucial for anyone who
今天我們要再次深入探討一個聽起來可能很嚇人，但對任何想
00:09
wants to understand business investing or even just manage their own finances better.
了解商業投資、甚至只是想更好地管理自己財務的人來說都絕對至關重要的主題。
00:15
We're talking about the three core financial statements.
我們要談的是三大核心財務報表。
00:19
I know I know financial statements sounds like something you need an accounting degree
我知道，我知道，財務報表聽起來像是需要會計學位才懂的東西，
00:23
for, but I promise you by the end of this video you'll understand them.
但我向你保證，看完這支影片後，你就能理解它們。
00:29
We're going to break them down into simple, easy to digest pieces and we'll even use
我們會把它們拆解成簡單、易於消化的小部分，甚至會用一個
00:32
a fun example, a coffee shop, you to see how they work in the real world.
有趣的例子——一家咖啡店——來讓你看看它們在現實世界中是如何運作的。
00:37
So, grab your favorite brew, get comfortable, and let's demystify the
所以，泡杯你最愛的飲料，找個舒服的位子，讓我們一起揭開
00:40
world of finance together.
金融世界的神秘面紗。
00:43
First up, let's talk about the big three.
首先，我們來談談這三大報表。
00:45
These are the balance sheet, the income statement, and the cash flow statement.
它們分別是資產負債表、損益表和現金流量表。
00:48
Think of them as the report card for a business.
可以把它們想像成一家企業的成績單。
00:51
Each one tells you a different part of the story.
每一份都告訴你故事的不同部分。
00:54
And when you look at all three together, you get a complete picture of a company's financial health.
當你把三份報表放在一起看時，就能得到一家公司財務狀況的全貌。
00:58
It's like having a GPS, a speedometer, and a fuel gauge for a business journey.
這就像在一趟商業旅程中，你同時擁有 GPS、時速表和油量錶。
01:03
You need all three to know where you are, how fast you're going, and if you have enough gas to get to your
你需要這三樣東西，才能知道你身在何處、前進速度有多快，以及是否有足夠的油（現金）抵達
01:08
destination.
目的地。
01:10
Let's start with the balance sheet.
讓我們從資產負債表開始。
01:12
The name itself gives you a clue.
這個名字本身就給了你一些線索。
01:13
It's all about balance.
一切都與平衡有關。
01:16
The balance sheet is a snapshot of a company's financial position at a single
資產負債表是公司在單一
01:18
point in time.
時間點的財務狀況快照。
01:19
Imagine taking a photo of the business on one specific day, say December 31st.
想像一下在特定的一天，例如 12 月 31 日，為該企業拍一張照片。
01:24
That photo would show you exactly what the company owns and what it owes on that day.
這張照片將準確顯示該公司在當天擁有什麼以及欠了什麼。
01:30
The core formula that governs the balance sheet is super simple.
支配資產負債表的核心公式非常簡單。
01:33
Assets equal liabilities plus equity.
資產等於負債加股東權益。
01:35
Let's break that down.
讓我們來拆解一下。
01:38
Assets are everything the company owns that has value.
資產是公司擁有的所有具價值的東西。
01:40
This includes cash in the bank, the inventory of coffee, beans, and milk, the expensive espresso machine,
這包括銀行裡的現金、咖啡豆和牛奶的庫存、昂貴的濃縮咖啡機、
01:47
the tables and chairs, and even the building if the company owns it.
桌椅，甚至是公司擁有的大樓。
01:51
Liabilities are what the company owes to others.
負債是公司欠他人的款項。
01:54
This could be a loan from the bank to buy that fancy espresso machine, money owed to suppliers for the coffee,
這可能是為了購買那台高級濃縮咖啡機而向銀行的貸款、欠供應商的咖啡豆款項，
01:59
beans, or even rent that's due.
甚至是到期的租金。
02:03
Finally, equity is what's left over.
最後，股東權益是剩餘的部分。
02:05
It represents the owner's stake in the company.
它代表了所有者在公司的持股。
02:06
If you were to sell all the assets and pay off all the liabilities, the money remaining would be the equity.
如果你賣掉所有資產並還清所有負債，剩下的錢就是股東權益。
02:11
It's the net worth of the business.
這是企業的淨值。
02:17
So assets equals liabilities plus equity.
所以資產等於負債加股東權益。
02:18
The two sides must always balance, hence the name balance sheet.
兩邊必須始終平衡，因此稱為資產負債表。
02:23
Now, let's bring our coffee shop to life.
現在，讓我們來打造我們的咖啡店。
02:27
Let's call it the daily grind.
我們叫它「每日研磨」。
02:28
On day one, you start the business by putting in $20,000 of your own money.
第一天，你投入自己的 20,000 美元來創立這門生意。
02:32
That $20,000 is now cash in the business's bank account.
這 20,000 美元現在是企業銀行帳戶裡的現金。
02:37
Since it's your money, it's also the owner's equity.
既然是你的錢，它也是所有者權益。
02:37
So, it's an asset.
所以，這是一項資產。
02:41
Right now, your balance sheet is simple.
目前，你的資產負債表很簡單。
02:45
Assets of $20,000 in cash equals equity of $20,000.
20,000 美元的現金資產等於 20,000 美元的權益。
02:48
No liabilities yet.
尚無負債。
02:52
See, it balances.
看，它平衡了。
02:52
Then, you decide you need a top-of-the-line espresso machine that costs $10,000.
接著，你決定需要一台頂級的濃縮咖啡機，價值 10,000 美元。
02:59
You pay $2,000 in cash and take out a loan for the remaining $8,000.
你支付 2,000 美元現金，並為剩下的 8,000 美元申請貸款。
03:04
How does this change the balance sheet?
這會如何改變資產負債表？
03:07
Well, your cash asset goes down by $2,000.
嗯，你的現金資產減少了 2,000 美元。
03:11
So, you have $18,000 left, but you gain a new asset, a $10,000 machine.
所以，你剩下 18,000 美元，但你獲得了一項新資產，一台 10,000 美元的機器。
03:17
So, your total assets are now $28,000.
因此，你現在的總資產是 28,000 美元。
03:19
On the other side of the equation, you have a new liability, that $8,000 loan.
在會計等式的另一邊，你有一筆新負債，就是那 8,000 美元的貸款。
03:25
Your equity is still the $20,000 you've put in.
你的權益仍然是你投入的 20,000 美元。
03:30
So, do they balance assets of $28,000 equals liabilities of $8,000 plus equity of
所以，它們平衡了嗎？28,000 美元的資產等於 8,000 美元的負債加上 20,000 美元的權益？
03:36
$20,000? But businesses aren't static, right?
但企業不是靜態的，對吧？
03:40
They're constantly making sales and incurring expenses.
他們不斷地進行銷售並產生費用。
03:44
That's where our second statement comes in.
這就是我們需要第二張報表的原因。
03:47
The income statement, the income statement, also known as the profit and loss or P&L
損益表，損益表，也被稱為盈虧或 P&L
03:50
statement, tells you how profitable a company was over a period of time, like a month, a quarter, or a year.
報表，告訴你一家公司在一段時間內（如一個月、一季或一年）的獲利能力。
03:58
While the balance sheet is a snapshot, the income statement is a movie.
資產負債表是快照，而損益表則是電影。
04:03
Its formula is also straightforward.
它的公式也很簡單。
04:05
Revenue minus expenses equals net income.
收入減去費用等於淨利。
04:08
Revenue is all the money the company earned from selling its products or services for the
收入是公司透過日常營運販售產品或服務所賺取的
04:11
daily grind.
所有錢。
04:13
This is the money from every latte, cappuccino, and pastry sold.
這包括每杯拿鐵、卡布奇諾和糕點銷售所得的錢。
04:17
Expenses are the costs of running the business.
費用是經營業務的成本。
04:20
This includes the cost of the coffee, beans, and milk, which we call the cost of goods sold or COGS.
這包括咖啡、咖啡豆和牛奶的成本，我們稱之為銷貨成本或 COGS。
04:28
It also includes employee salaries, rent for the shop space, electricity bills,
它還包括員工薪資、店面租金、電費、
04:31
marketing costs, and interest paid on that loan for the espresso machine.
行銷成本，以及為購買濃縮咖啡機而貸款所支付的利息。
04:35
After you subtract all those expenses from your total revenue, what you're left with is your net income or the
從總收入中扣除所有這些費用後，剩下的就是你的淨利或
04:41
bottom line.
最終淨利。
04:43
This is the profit the business made.
這是企業所賺取的利潤。
04:46
Let's check in on the daily grind for its first month of operations.
讓我們來看看「日常咖啡館」開業第一個月的情況。
04:49
Let's say it made $10,000 in sales.
假設它實現了 10,000 美元的銷售額。
04:52
That's its revenue.
這是它的收入。
04:56
Now, for the expenses, the coffee, beans, milk, and cups cost $3,000.
現在，關於支出，咖啡、咖啡豆、牛奶和杯子的成本是 3,000 美元。
05:01
Employee wages were $2,500.
員工薪資為 2,500 美元。
05:04
Rent was $1,500.
租金為 1,500 美元。
05:07
Utilities and marketing added up to another $500.
水電費和行銷費用又合計 500 美元。
05:13
And let's not forget the interest on the loan.
我們別忘了貸款的利息。
05:17
Say that was $50 for the month.
假設該月的利息是 50 美元。
05:20
So, total expenses are 3,000 + 2,500 + 1,500 + 550, which equals $7,550.
因此，總支出為 3,000 + 2,500 + 1,500 + 550，等於 7,550 美元。
05:28
To find the profit, we take the revenue of $10,000 and subtract the expenses of $7,550.
要計算利潤，我們用 10,000 美元的營收減去 7,550 美元的支出。
05:36
So, now we know the company's financial position and its profitability.
所以，現在我們知道了公司的財務狀況及其獲利能力。
05:41
This brings us to the third and arguably one of the most important statements, the cash flow statement.
這就帶我們來到第三份，也可以說是最重要的報表之一，也就是現金流量表。
05:41
What's left?
還剩下什麼？
05:46
This statement tracks the movement of cash into and out of the company over a period.
這份報表追蹤一段時間內公司現金的流入和流出。
05:52
You might be thinking, isn't that the same as the income statement?
你可能會想，這不就和損益表一樣嗎？
05:55
Not quite.
不完全一樣。
05:57
And this is a critical distinction.
這是一個關鍵的區別。
05:59
Profit is not the same as cash.
獲利不等於現金。
06:01
A company can be profitable on paper but still run out of cash and go bankrupt.
一家公司帳面上可能獲利，但仍然可能耗盡現金並破產。
06:05
Cash is the lifeblood of a business.
現金是企業的命脈。
06:07
The cash flow statement breaks down cash movements into three activities: operating, investing, and
現金流量表將現金流動分為三種活動：營運、投資和
06:14
Operating activities are the cash flows generated from the main business operations like cash received
營業活動是來自主要業務營運產生的現金流，例如向客戶收取的現金
06:20
from customers and cash paid to suppliers and employees.
以及支付給供應商和員工的現金。
06:25
Investing activities include the purchase or sale of long-term assets like buying that
投資活動包括購買或出售長期資產，例如購買
06:28
espresso machine or selling an old piece of equipment.
那台濃縮咖啡機或出售舊設備。
06:32
Financing activities include cash flows from and to owners and creditors like getting a loan from
融資活動包括與所有者和債權人之間的現金流入和流出，例如從銀行
06:37
the bank, paying back the principal on that loan, or the owner putting more money into the business.
取得貸款、償還該筆貸款的本金，或所有者向企業投入更多資金。
06:43
The final result of the cash flow statement tells you the net increase or decrease in cash
現金流量表的最終結果告訴您在該期間內
06:47
over the period.
現金的淨增加或減少。
06:49
Let's go back to the daily grind.
讓我們回到日常營運。
06:51
In its first month, it received $10,000 in cash from customers.
在第一個月，它從客戶那裡收到了 10,000 美元的現金。
06:55
That's cash from operations.
這是來自營業活動的現金。
06:59
It paid out cash for beans, rent, and salaries totaling $7,500.
它支付了豆子、租金和薪資的現金，總計 7,500 美元。
07:03
So, the net cash from operating activities is a positive $2,500.
因此，來自營業活動的淨現金為正 2,500 美元。
07:08
But wait, remember the espresso machine?
但是等等，還記得那台濃縮咖啡機嗎？
07:11
We took out an $8,000 loan.
我們借了一筆 8,000 美元的貸款。
07:15
That's a cash inflow from financing activities.
這是來自融資活動的現金流入。
07:16
We also spent $2,000 of our own cash on that machine, which is a cash outflow for investing activities.
我們還用自己的現金支付了 2,000 美元購買那台機器，這是投資活動的現金流出。
07:24
The cash flow statement tracks all of these individual movements.
現金流量表追蹤了所有這些個別的資金流動。
07:27
It shows that even though we made a profit of $2,450, the actual cash in our bank account
它顯示，儘管我們獲利 2,450 美元，但我們銀行帳戶中的實際現金
07:32
changed in a much more complex way.
變化卻複雜得多。
07:36
It shows you exactly where the money came from and where it went.
它會清楚顯示錢從哪裡來，又去了哪裡。
07:39
So to recap, the balance sheet is a snapshot of what you own.
所以總結來說，資產負債表是你所擁有資產的快照。
07:43
And the income statement is a movie of your profitability over time.
損益表則是隨時間變化的獲利能力紀錄。
07:48
And the cash flow statement is the detective that tracks every single dollar coming
而現金流量表就像偵探，追蹤每一塊錢的流入
07:51
in and going out.
與流出。
07:53
When used together, they provide a comprehensive view of a company's financial health.
當這三者結合使用，就能全面掌握公司的財務狀況。
07:58
An investor might look at the income statement to see if a company is profitable, the
投資人可能會查看損益表來了解公司是否獲利，
08:00
balance sheet to see if it has too much debt, and the cash flow statement to ensure it's generating enough cash to
查看資產負債表來判斷是否有過多債務，以及查看現金流量表來確保公司能產生足夠現金
08:06
survive and grow.
以維持生存並持續成長。
08:07
Understanding these three statements is like learning a new language, the language of business.
理解這三張報表就像學習一種新語言——商業的語言。
08:14
It empowers you to make smarter decisions.
它能賦予你做出更明智決策的能力。
08:14
Whether you're starting your own venture, investing in the stock market, or even just managing your personal
無論你是要創業、投資股市，或只是想更有效地管理個人
08:20
budget more effectively, the principles are the same.
預算，其背後的原理都是相通的。
08:23
Your personal balance sheet would be your assets like savings and your car minus your liabilities like
你的個人資產負債表會包含你的資產，如存款和汽車，再減去你的負債，如
08:28
student loans and credit card debt.
學貸和信用卡債。
08:31
Your personal income statement is your monthly salary minus your expenses.
你的個人損益表則是你的月薪減去你的開銷。
08:36
I know we covered a lot today, but I hope breaking it down with our little coffee
我知道今天內容很多，但我希望透過咖啡店的小例子來拆解，
08:38
shop example made it click.
能讓你更容易理解。
08:44
The key is to not be intimidated.
關鍵在於不要被它嚇倒。
08:45
Start small.
從小處開始。
08:47
Look up the financial statements of a company you admire like Apple or Nike.
查詢你欣賞的公司，例如 Apple 或 Nike 的財務報表。
08:52
You can usually find them in their investor relations section of their website.
通常可以在他們官網的投資人關係專區找到。
08:58
Try to identify the assets, the revenue, the net income.
試著找出資產、營收和淨利。
09:00
See if you can tell the story of that company through its numbers.
看看能否透過數字說出這家公司的故事。
09:03
This knowledge is a superpower.
這份知識是一種超能力。
09:05
It allows you to look beyond the headlines and truly understand the health and potential of a business.
它讓你不只看到新聞標題，而是真正理解一家企業的健康狀況和潛力。
09:12
So, my challenge to you is this.
所以，我給你的挑戰是這樣的。
09:14
Take what you've learned and apply it.
將你學到的知識加以應用。
09:14
Don't just stop here.
不要只停留在這裡。
09:17
Start looking at the numbers.
開始關注這些數字。
09:18
Be curious.
保持好奇心。
09:20
Ask questions.
提出問題。
09:23
The world of finance is not some exclusive club.
金融世界並非什麼排外的俱樂部。
09:26
It's for everyone and you've just taken a massive first step in mastering it.
它屬於每一個人，而你已經踏出了掌握它的巨大第一步。
09:31
You have the tools now.
你現在已經擁有工具了。
09:32
Go build something amazing, make a smart investment, or just get your financial house in perfect
去創造驚人的事物、做一筆精明的投資，或只是讓你的財務狀況井然有序。
09:36
order. The power is in your hands.
力量就在你手中。
09:39
Thanks so much for watching.
非常感謝你的收看。
09:42
If you found this video helpful, please give it a thumbs up and do you and forget to
如果你覺得這部影片有幫助，請幫我按個讚，別忘了訂閱並點擊通知鈴鐺，這樣你才不會錯過我們的下一部影片。
09:45
subscribe and hit that notification bell so you do you miss our next video.
訂閱並點擊通知鈴鐺，這樣你才不會錯過我們的下一部影片。
09:50
We've got a lot more to cover to help you on your financial journey.
為了在您的財務旅程中提供更多幫助，我們還有許多內容尚未探討。
09:53
Drop a comment below if you have any questions or if there's another topic you do like us to
如果您有任何疑問，或希望我們為您解析其他主題，請在下方留言。
09:56
break down.
讓我們為您深入剖析。
09:57
Until next time, keep learning and keep growing.
下次見，請持續學習，持續成長。
