00:00
ETFs are one of the most popular yet powerful ways to have your money work for you and is why investors all over
ETF 是最熱門且最強大的理財工具之一，能讓你的錢為你工作，這也是為什麼全球投資人
00:05
the world have recently been pouring more and more money into them in fact the number of ETFs has recently began to
近來不斷將越來越多資金投入其中。事實上，ETF 的數量最近已開始
00:10
outpace the creation of mutual funds in the US and currently 40% of investors around the world say they own an ETF and
超過美國共同基金的創立速度，目前全球有 40% 的投資人表示他們持有 ETF，而
00:17
if you are not one of them I highly recommend you watch this video all the way through because you are going to
如果你還不是其中一員，我強烈建議你完整看完這支影片，因為你將
00:21
gain all the knowledge you need to start building tremendous wealth over time so that said let's start off by going over
獲得建立龐大長期財富所需的所有知識。那麼說完了，讓我們先來探討
00:27
what exactly is an ETF now an ETF in simple terms can be seen as a collection of different items on a list that you
ETF 究竟是什麼。簡單來說，ETF 可以被視為一個清單上的不同項目集合，你將錢投入其中，
00:34
put your money into that allows you to own all of those items within one purchase so to keep things simple a real
就能透過一次購買擁有所有這些項目。為了讓事情更簡單，我喜歡用一個
00:40
world example I like to use for beginners to relate to is when you get a receipt from buying groceries that
初學者容易理解的現實世界例子：當你從購買雜貨時拿到收據，
00:46
receipt you get will contain many different items such as chicken for $15 strawberries for five orange juice for
這張收據會包含許多不同項目，例如 15 美元的雞肉、5 美元的草莓、2 美元的
00:52
two and whatever other items you buy and let's just say you ended up getting 20 different items when it comes time to
橙汁，以及你購買的任何其他商品。假設你最後買了 20 種不同的東西，當結帳時，
00:58
check out the price you pay for all those separate items comes down to one total price on your receipt and let's
你為所有這些分開的商品支付的價格，會在收據上變成一個總價，假設
01:04
say that ends up being $100 so why is it that that's the norm to get a receipt of the total bill it's because you're not
最後是 100 美元。為什麼拿到總金額的收據是常態呢？因為你不會
01:11
going to go and get 20 different receipts for the 20 different items I at least for me never seen anybody do that
為了 20 種不同商品去拿 20 張不同的收據，至少我從沒見過有人這麼做。
01:17
and on top of that you also don't want to put all your $100 into one specific food like strawberries because it might
此外，你也不會想把全部 100 美元都投入像草莓這樣單一的特定食物，因為它可能會
01:23
turn red but seriously though no one does that because you're going to want a variety of things to eat and drink from
變紅（雙關：虧損）。但說真的，沒人會這麼做，因為你會希望從中獲得各式各樣的食物和飲料。
01:28
now the amazing part about this is that this same concept applies to ETFs where instead of going and buying groceries
現在，最棒的是，這個相同的概念也適用於 ETF。只不過你不是去買雜貨，
01:34
you're now buying stocks with an ETF you get a list of different stocks all of different sizes where they're bundled
而是用 ETF 買股票。你會得到一張不同股票的清單，規模各異，它們被捆綁
01:40
into one price and by investing into an ETF you can buy many stocks for example let's say a 100 companies and you can do
成一個價格。透過投資 ETF，你可以一次買進許多股票，例如假設 100 家公司，你可以這樣做，
01:48
that instead of having to buy each one separately making it much more convenient to just get an ETF on top of
而不必個別購買每一檔，讓買進 ETF 變得更加方便。除此之外，
01:54
that I also mentioned a terrible joke about putting $100 into strawberries turning you red because yes it was a bad
我還提到了一個關於把 100 美元全投在草莓上會讓你「變紅」（雙關：虧損）的爛笑話，因為是的，那是個糟糕的...
01:59
joke but the meaning behind it is valuable because you're not going to put all your money into one specific stock
開個玩笑，但背後的意義很有價值，因為你不該把所有資金都投入單一特定股票
02:05
that's just too much risk and with too much risk if things don't go the right way you could get angry and also turn
這樣風險太高，如果情況不如預期，你可能會感到憤怒，帳面也將轉為赤字
02:10
red but besides that with ETFs your goal is to improve diversification by being exposed to many different companies
除此之外，ETF 的目標是透過投資多家不同公司來提升分散程度
02:17
where you want to maximize your returns yet minimize the risk of losing money going forward from there there are two
在追求最大化報酬的同時，降低未來虧損的風險。接下來有兩種
02:22
main types of ETFs that you need to know about and they are actively managed and passively managed ETFs actively managed
你需要了解的主要 ETF 類型，分別是主動管理型與被動管理型 ETF。主動管理型
02:29
ETFs explain itself because they are ones where the Investments inside of the fund are controlled by a person that is
ETF 從名稱即可理解，因為這類基金的投資標的由一位
02:35
called a portfolio manager think of this like a professional chef in a restaurant who is constantly adjusting the menu to
稱為基金經理人的人士掌控。可以想像成餐廳裡的專業主廚，不斷調整菜單
02:41
try and get the best reviews and overall results which this is a big reason why actively manage funds have a higher
以爭取最佳評價與整體成果，這也是主動管理型基金
02:46
expense ratio meaning it is more expensive to own actively managed ETFs and because of that most of this video
費用率較高的主要原因，意即持有主動管理型 ETF 的成本較高。正因如此，本影片大部分內容
02:52
is going to be covering my favorite which are passively managed ETFs also known as index-based ETFs these ETFs are
將聚焦於我最喜歡的類型：被動管理型 ETF，亦稱為指數型 ETF。這類 ETF
02:59
not going controlled by a human but are set to track a particular Market segment that market segment is referred to as an
並非由人為控制，而是設定追蹤特定市場區塊，該區塊被稱為
03:05
index and one of the most popular ones is the S&P 500 Index that is set to track the top 500 publicly traded
指數，其中最受歡迎的之一是標準普爾 500 指數（S&P 500 Index），旨在追蹤在美國證券交易所掛牌的
03:11
companies that are listed here on the US stock exchanges and basically resembles a broad scope of the US economy and
前 500 家上市公司，大致反映了美國經濟的廣泛面貌。
03:17
since the S&P 500 is a collection of 500 different companies instead of wasting your time buying each one separately you
既然標準普爾 500 指數涵蓋 500 家不同公司，與其逐一購買而浪費時間，你
03:23
can now buy them all at once through an ETF and on Vanguard that would be called the Vanguard 500 index fund ETF that has
現在可以透過 ETF 一次買進全部，在 Vanguard 上這檔基金就叫做 Vanguard 500 指數基金 ETF，
03:30
a ticker symbol of VO by doing this you automatically get exposure to companies like Microsoft Apple Amazon and many
股票代號為 VOO。如此一來，你便能自動投資於微軟、蘋果、亞馬遜等你可能聽過的
03:37
more you probably heard of and another nice thing about these index-based ETFs is that you can invest into many
知名企業。另一個指數型 ETF 的優點是，你可以投資許多
03:42
different types of markets so say you wanted to invest into companies that are outside of the United States you can do
不同類型的市場。舉例來說，如果你想投資美國以外的公司，你可以
03:47
so by getting an international fund which on Vanguard could be the Vanguard Total International stock index fund ETF
買一檔國際型基金，在 Vanguard 上可能是 Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund ETF，
03:53
Tigger vxus or let's say when it comes to the S&P 500 you want more exposure to the total US Stock Market you can
股票代號為 VXUS；或者，如果你想在標準普爾 500 之外，更全面地投資美國股市，你可以
04:01
actually do that on Vanguard by getting the Vanguard Total stock market index fund ETF vti now I'll be covering the
在 Vanguard 上，你可以透過購買 Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund ETF（VTI）來做到這一點。稍後我會在這支影片中介紹
04:07
best index ETFs later on in this video but something you first need to understand that can be confusing if
最好的指數 ETF，但首先你需要了解一件對新手來說可能會造成困惑的事，那就是 ETF 和共同基金之間的區別。如我稍早提到的，有一檔
04:12
you're new is understanding the difference between ETFs and mutual funds as I mentioned earlier there is a
Vanguard S&P 500 ETF 追蹤 S&P 500 指數，其股票代號為 VOO。因為這是一檔 ETF，你可以在
04:17
Vanguard S&P 500 ETF that tracks the S&P 500 Index and has a ticker symbol of voo now because this is an ETF you can
幾乎任何你想要的平台上購買，例如 Fidelity、Sofi、M1 Finance 以及許多其他平台。但如果你
04:25
purchase this on pretty much any platform that you want such as fidelity Sofi M1 finance and many more but if you
仔細觀察 Vanguard S&P 500 ETF 的頁面，在正中間你可以看到該公司表示他們也有一檔
04:32
look closely on the Vanguard S&P 500 ETF page right in the middle you can see the company States they also have an
可用的 S&P 500 共同基金。如果你點擊那個連結，它會直接帶你到 Vanguard 的 S&P 500 指數
04:38
available S&P 500 mutual fund if you click on that link it will take you directly to vanguard's S&P 500 Index
型共同基金。如你所見，這個選項有五個股票代號，分別是
04:45
based mutual fund and as you can see this option is five ticker symbols that make it
VFIAX，而不是其 ETF 版本 VOO 的三個代號。通常共同基金的股票代號有五個字母，
04:51
vfiax instead of three symbols for their ETF version vo now typically mutual funds have five letters in their ticker
而 ETF 通常是三個或四個。但兩者之間的一個主要區別在於，如果你想購買他們的
04:57
symbol where ETFs are normally three or four but a difference here with the two is that if you are wanting to get their
五字代號共同基金，你需要在 Vanguard 的平台上操作，除非你想在其他地方（如 Fidelity）支付極高的手續費，
05:03
felet ticker symbol mutual fund you need to be on vanguard's platform unless you want to pay an extremely high fee on
這是你絕對不該做的事。如你所見，如果你試圖在 Fidelity 購買 VFIAX，你將被收取一筆不小的費用。而如果你想在 Fidelity 購買 ETF VOO，則不需要支付任何費用。Vanguard 的共同基金和 ETF 之間的另一個
05:09
somewhere else like Fidelity which you should never do as you can see if you try to purchase vfiax on Fidelity you
差別是，如果你在 Vanguard 平台上操作，你需要最低 3,000 美元才能購買他們的 Vanguard 共同基金，而 ETF 在幾乎所有
05:15
will be charged a fee which isn't small where if you wanted the ETF vo on Fidelity you don't have any fees another
平台上都沒有什麼限制。當涉及到購買共同基金時，無論你想買或賣，交易都要等到收盤後才會執行。
05:21
difference between vanguard's mutual funds and ETFs is that if you are on the Vanguard platform you need a $3,000
這對許多人來說是個很大的缺點。而如果你選擇 ETF，它們的交易方式和股票類似，
05:27
minimum amount to get their Vanguard mutual funds where there's pretty much no rules for ETFs on nearly every
所以你可以在一天中的任何時間點買進或賣出，讓你能夠非常輕鬆地調整
05:33
platform and when it comes to getting those mutual funds when you want to buy or sell them the trades are not going to
你整個投資組合的部位。但 ETF 目前之所以能超越共同基金的一大關鍵因素是因為
05:39
go through until the end of the market day this can be a big turnoff for many people where if you are to get ETFs they
它們更具稅務效率，讓你對自己的稅務有更大的控制權。Invesco 用簡單的方式解釋了這一點：
05:46
trade similar to stocks so you can buy or sell them throughout the day at any point making it very easy to change your
它們的交易方式與股票相似，因此您可以在一天中的任何時間點買進或賣出，讓調整您的
05:52
positions in your entire portfolio but a huge Factor on why ETFs are actually outpacing mutual funds now is because
整個投資組合持倉變得非常容易，但ETF現在之所以能大幅超越共同基金，一個重要原因是
05:58
they are more tax efficient where you have more control over your taxes Invesco explains this in simple terms by
它們更具稅務效率，讓您對自己的稅務有更大的控制權。Invesco 用簡單的方式解釋了這一點：
06:04
stating with ETFs capital gains and taxes are generally recognized only when investors sell their own shares where
首先關於ETF，資本利得和稅務通常只有在投資人賣出自己持有的份額時才會被認列
06:10
with mutual funds you may have taxes triggered without even selling the actual fund with that said let's now go
但若是共同基金，即使沒有實際賣出基金，也可能會觸發稅務問題。說到這裡，現在我們來
06:15
over the advantages to index-based ETFs with the first being that they are passively managed over the last two
談談指數型ETF的優點，首先是它們屬於被動管理。在過去兩年
06:21
decades a staggering 92.9% of large cap actively managed funds fell short of the S&P 500 Rev fed
十年當中，高達92.9%的大盤主動型基金表現都落後於標準普爾500指數
06:29
by the S&P Dow Jones indices even the famously known legendary investor Warren Buffett clinched a $2.2 million victory
由標準普爾道瓊斯指數公司編制。就連傳奇投資人華倫·巴菲特也贏得了220萬美元的賭注
06:37
affirming that a passive investment in the S&P 500 Index Fund would outbeat actively managed portfolios over a
證實了在十年期間，被動投資於標準普爾500指數基金的表現會優於主動管理的投資組合
06:44
decade the next advantage of index-based ETFs is diversification consider this you decide to invest into two stocks
指數型ETF的下一個優點是分散風險。試想一下，你決定投資兩支股票
06:51
putting $5,000 into each with the total amount of your portfolio being $10,000 if one of the companies were to go
各投入5,000美元，你的投資組合總金額為10,000美元。如果其中一家公司
06:57
bankrupt that means your portfolio is is going to dive down to $5,000 however had you invested the same
破產，這意味著你的投資組合將會暴跌至5,000美元。然而，如果你將同樣的
07:03
amount in the S&P 500 Index Fund and one of its 500 companies went bankrupt your investment would only dip to
金額投資於標準普爾500指數基金，而其中一家500強公司破產，你的投資只會下跌到
07:11
$998 and from that a famous quote that I love which ironically is from the founder of Vanguard Jack Bogle is when
998美元。由此衍生出一句我很喜歡的名言，諷刺的是，它來自於Vanguard的創辦人Jack Bogle，他說：
07:17
he says don't look for the needle and the Hast stack just buy the Hast stack AKA index funds over specific stocks
「不要在乾草堆裡找針，直接買下整堆乾草」，也就是指數基金，而非特定股票
07:24
something I personally learned from my first few years of investing is that it is extremely difficult to pick the right
我個人在投資前幾年學到的是，選對股票非常困難
07:29
stocks and even when you pick the right ones you will eventually have some sort of regrets so because I don't want you
即使你選對了，最終還是會有些許遺憾。因為我不希望你
07:34
to have to go through this cycle of never seeing true compounding growth on your Investments I truly believe that
必須經歷這種永遠無法在投資上看到真正複利成長的循環，我真心相信
07:39
strategizing a plan where your portfolio consists of most the index funds motivates you to stay on track and to
規劃一個讓投資組合以指數型基金為主的策略，能激勵你保持正軌
07:45
continue adding instead of trying to sell your positions or change them often which In The End by investing into many
並持續加碼，而不是試圖賣出或頻繁更動部位。最終，透過投資許多
07:50
different types of index funds historically they have achieved great results allowing investors to build
不同類型的指數型基金，歷史上它們都取得了亮眼的成果，讓投資人能夠隨時間
07:56
great wealth over time if you're interested to see a portfolio similar to mine stay tuned toward the end of the
積累巨大的財富。如果你有興趣看到跟我類似的投資組合，請鎖定影片結尾
08:00
video and if you want to see my exact portfolio check out my private newsletter I'll have Linked In the
如果你想看我確切的投資組合，請查看我的私人通訊，我會將連結放在...
08:05
description below so anyways besides diversification ETFs are also great because of their low fees index funds
總之，除了分散投資之外，ETF 也很棒，因為它們的費用低廉
08:11
are great when it comes to their expense ratio which is the total cost it takes to own the fund per year so if we look
指數型基金在費用比率方面表現出色，這是每年持有該基金的總成本，所以如果我們看
08:17
at the Vanguard 500 Index ETF ticker voo that comes at a 0.03% annual expense ratio which compared to an average
先鋒 500 指數 ETF（代號 VOO），它的年費用比率為 0.03%，與平均
08:25
actively managed fund that is between half a% to 1% has a big impact over time picture this if you had $10,000 invested
主動型基金介於 0.5% 到 1% 相比，隨著時間推移會產生巨大影響。想像一下，如果你投資了 10,000 美元
08:33
in the S&P 500 Index Fund I just showed you vo your expense would be a whopping $3 per year which is the price of a
在剛才展示的 S&P 500 指數基金 VOO 上，你的費用一年才區區 3 美元，這只是 Taco Bell 一個
08:40
burrito at Taco Bell now say an actively managed ETF like Arc at 75% of an expense ratio that means it would cost
墨西哥捲餅的價格。現在，假設是一個像 Arc 這樣的主動型 ETF，費用比率為 0.75%，這意味著你每年要花費
08:48
you $75 per year which may not sound too significant but over time has a Major Impact let's just say you had $10,000 in
75 美元，這聽起來可能沒那麼嚴重，但隨著時間推移會產生重大影響。假設你在
08:55
that S&P 500 ETF vo and add $3,000 to it every year for 30 years and end up getting an average 8% return rate the
那個 S&P 500 ETF VOO 中有 10,000 美元，每年再加碼 3,000 美元，持續 30 年，最終獲得平均 8% 的回報率，該
09:03
total cost from fees in that ETF would be roughly $2.7 th000 but with a fund like Arc at 75% of an expense ratio
ETF 的總費用成本大約是 2,700 美元。但如果是像 Arc 這樣費用比率為 0.75% 的基金
09:11
you'd be looking at a staggering $62,000 from fees that's an extra $60,000 from fees so you better hope that fund
你將面臨高達 62,000 美元的費用，這意味著光是費用就多出了 60,000 美元，所以你最好希望那支基金
09:19
outperforms which in the past 5 years Arc hasn't even been close to that so before moving on if you're finding any
表現能超越大盤，但在過去 5 年，Arc 甚至連邊都沾不上。所以在繼續之前，如果你覺得這內容
09:25
value in this content I'd really appreciate you hitting the like button on this video and subscribing to my
有任何價值，我真的很感激你按個讚並訂閱我的
09:29
channel for future content like this that I personally believe is worth watching with that said let's now go
頻道，以便未來能看到更多像這樣的內容，我個人認為值得一看。說到這裡，現在我們來
09:34
over vanguard's ETFs compared to its competitors now Vanguard has a ton of history when it comes to index funds as
比較一下先鋒的 ETF 與其競爭對手。先鋒在指數型基金方面有著悠久的歷史，因為
09:40
the founder of Vanguard Jack Bogle helped create the first index mutual fund in
先鋒的創辦人 Jack Bogle 協助創立了第一檔指數型共同基金
09:45
1976 which since 2010 they famously created their S&P 500 ETF vo besides that something I love about vanguards
在 1976 年，自 2010 年以來，他們著名的創立了 S&P 500 ETF VOO。除此之外，我喜歡先鋒 ETF 的一點是
09:53
ETFs is that you can basically create an entire portfolio using theirs for starters of the three main old school
你可以基本上用他們的產品建立一個完整的投資組合。首先，在三大老牌
09:59
brokerage firms Fidelity has 84 ETFs traded on the US market where Fidelity has 64 and Charles Schwab with 30 and
券商中，貝萊德（BlackRock）在美國市場交易的 ETF 有 84 檔，富達（Fidelity）有 64 檔，嘉信理財（Charles Schwab）有 30 檔，
10:06
just the side fact Invesco has 219 ETFs and black rock has 427 but personally all around vanguards are currently my
順帶一提，景順（Invesco）有 219 檔 ETF，貝萊德（BlackRock）有 427 檔。但就個人而言，整體來說先鋒目前是我的
10:14
favorite but now I just want to briefly compare the difference between vanguard's S&P 500 ETF to its
最愛，但現在我只想簡單比較一下先鋒的 S&P 500 ETF 與其
10:19
competitors so if we look at vo it is an expense ratio of 0.03% a year and then with this fund over the past 10 years it
競爭對手，如果我們看 VO，它的年費用比率是 0.03%，而這支基金在過去 10 年的平均年報酬率約為 12%，這非常出色。
10:27
has averaged roughly 12% of an annual return which is very good then another alternative to purchase the S&P 500
接著，另一個購買標準普爾 500 指數的選擇是 SPY，它是由道富公司發行的，其費用比率約為 0.1%，在過去 10 年的平均年報酬率約為 11.9%。
10:34
Index is spy which is through the standard and por company where theirs has roughly a .1% expense ratio and over
所以這支顯然貴一點，報酬也稍微低一點，這很合理，但因為它們追蹤的是同一個指數，所以報酬率非常接近。
10:42
the past 10 years has averaged roughly 11.9% per year so that one's obviously a bit more expensive and the returns are
我們還有 iShares 的 S&P 500 ETF，代號是 IVV，它的費用比率是 0.03%，在過去 10 年的年報酬率約為 12%，就像 Vanguard 的一樣。
10:48
slightly lower which makes sense but they're also very similar in returns because they're tracking the same index
如果你想更深入了解你可以買的主要基金類型以及它們的比較，我強烈推薦你查看我放在這支影片描述中的免費投資入門指南。
10:54
we then have an ishares S&B 500 ETF ticker ivv that has an expense ratio of 3% and an annual return over the past 10
現在，關於 ETF，就像我之前提到的，你幾乎可以在任何平台上購買，所以在我的富邦帳戶裡，我其實是用 Vanguard 的 ETF。
11:02
years of roughly 12% just like vanguards if you want to see a deeper scope of the main types of funds you can get and how
你如何配置你的 ETF 其實無關緊要，因為你可以在一個特定帳戶裡持有許多不同的 ETF。
11:09
they compare I highly recommend you check out my free investing 101 guide I have Linked In the description of this
舉例來說，你可以持有 Charles Schwab 的 ETF，它是投資股息的王者；Vanguard 的 VO 用來追蹤標準普爾 500 指數；如果你想要國際股票，你可以買 iShares 的國際 ETF，代號是 IUS，由貝萊德發行。
11:14
video now with ETFs you can pretty much buy them on any platform as I mentioned earlier so on my fidelity account I
就像我說的，Vanguard 也有很多很好的選擇，所以如果你不想要 iShares 的國際基金，你可以買 Vanguard 的國際基金 VXUS，這其實就是我持有的那一檔。
11:19
actually use vanguards ETFs it really doesn't matter how you mix your ETFs because you could have many different
請記住，所有這些基金的結果都會相對一致，因為它們追蹤的是相同的指數。
11:24
ones in one specific account for example you could have Charles schabs D which is a king when it comes to investing in
但如果你打算買一支主動管理型基金，你需要注意，因為是主動管理，這些結果的波動會大得多。
11:31
dividends the Vanguard vo for S&P 500 exposure and say you wanted International stock you could get the
因此，如果你打算買主動管理型的 ETF，我強烈建議你做更多研究，並清楚了解你把錢投在哪裡以及會產生哪些費用。
11:37
ishares international ETF IUS by Black Rock which like I said Vanguard has many good options so if you didn't want the
舉個例子，像 Ark 這樣的 ETF，由 Cathie Wood 管理，它的費用比率是 0.75%。
11:44
ishares international fund you could get their Vanguard international fund vxus which is actually the one I have so
你可以在基金目標中看到，這是一支主動管理型基金。
11:50
remember that all these funds are going to get relatively the same results because they track the same indexes but
請記住，這些基金的表現將相對一致，因為它們追蹤相同的指數，但是
11:55
if you are going to get an actively managed one you need to be aware that these results are going to vary much
如果您打算選擇主動管理型基金，您需要意識到這些結果的差異會大得多
12:00
more so because of that if you are going to get an actively managed ETF I highly recommend you dig into more research and
因此，如果您打算投資主動管理型ETF，我強烈建議您深入研究更多資訊，並
12:06
understand where exactly it is that you're placing your money and what type of fees are taking place an example of
確切了解您將資金投入何處，以及會產生哪些類型的費用。舉例來說，
12:11
this is an ETF like Ark that is managed by Kathy Wood that has a.
像是由凱西·伍德（Cathy Wood）管理的 Ark ETF，其
12:16
75% expense ratio and you can see in the fund objective that it is an actively managed
費用率為 0.75%，您可以在基金目標中看到，這是一支主動管理型
12:20
ETF that seeks long-term growth by investing into domestic and foreign Securities that relate to their theme of
尋求透過投資國內外與其顛覆性創新主題相關證券以實現長期成長的ETF
12:27
disruptive innovation these ETFs May perform very well but they could also do terrible compared to a simple Index Fund
這些ETF可能表現非常出色，但與簡單的指數型基金相比，也可能表現極差
12:33
so when it comes to ETFs yes it can be a personal preference but for me I own mostly vanguards ETFs and I'm about to
因此當談到ETF時，是的，這可以是個人偏好，但對我而言，我主要持有Vanguard的ETF，而我即將
12:39
show you some of the best ones that you should know about the first ETFs I'm going to mention are domestic funds
向您介紹一些您應該知道的最好的ETF，我首先要提到的是國內基金
12:44
because they consist the stocks that are solely in one country that is the US the first being bti that tracks the crsp
因為它們完全由單一國家，也就是美國的股票組成，第一個是VTI，它追蹤CRSP
12:52
total us stock market index that contains large mid and small cap stocks this fund has a point 0 3% expense ratio
美國全股市指數，包含大、中、小型股，這支基金的費用率為0.03%
13:00
has seen roughly 11.5% of an average annual return over the past 10 years with its top Holdings being roughly 6%
過去10年的平均年報酬率約為11.5%，其前幾大持股約佔6%
13:07
of Apple stock then 5 half% Microsoft 2.8% Amazon and so on now all the funds I'm showing you are called market cap
的蘋果股票，然後是5.5%的微軟、2.8%的亞馬遜等等，現在我要展示給您看的所有基金都稱為市值加權
13:15
weighted funds because the stocks that are inside of the fund are given weight based on their size so because apple is
基金，因為基金內的股票是根據其規模來賦予權重，所以因為蘋果是
13:22
the largest company in that fund it carries the most weight towards that fund's performance now because this is a
該基金中最大的公司，它對該基金的表現佔有最大的權重，而因為這是一檔
13:27
total stock market ETF it contains small mid and large cap stocks another alternative you could do if you want to
全股市ETF，它包含小型、中型和大型股，如果您想
13:34
get more control on the types of markets you're in is get a small mid and large Cap Fund all separately for small cap
對您所處的市場類型有更多控制權，另一個選擇是分別購買小型、中型和大型股基金，對於小型股
13:41
stocks you can invest into VB which tracks a small cap index and comes at a 05% expense ratio has seen an average
您可以投資VB，它追蹤小型股指數，費用率為0.05%，過去10年平均
13:48
annual return of 8.44 per annually over the past 10 years with its top Holdings being ones that you probably haven't
年報酬率為8.44%，其前幾大持股可能是您從未聽過的公司，從那裡您可以購買VO，它追蹤CRSP美國中型股指數，費用率為0.04%，過去10年平均
13:55
heard of from there you could get vo which tracks the crsp us midcap index and comes at a .4% expense ratio has
年報酬率為9.42%，其前幾大持股也是您可能
14:04
seen an average annual return of 9.42% annually over the past 10 years with its top Holdings being companies that you've
年報酬率為9.42%，其前幾大持股也是您可能
14:12
also probably never heard of so that leaves us with large cap stocks left and that is going to be through the S&P 500
從未聽過的公司，這樣就剩下大型股了，那將是透過S&P 500
14:18
and on Vanguard that is vo this fund is considered a gauge for the overall US Stock Market that comes at an expense of
在Vanguard上就是VOO，這支基金被視為整體美國股市的指標，費用率為
14:25
0.03% has seen an average annual return of 12 % over the past 10 years and has its top holding starting with Apple at
0.03%，過去10年平均年報酬率為12%，其前幾大持股以蘋果佔7%
14:32
7% then Microsoft Amazon Nvidia and so on notice how I mentioned that you can do these three ETFs or vti which is the
開始，然後是微軟、亞馬遜、輝達等等，請注意我提到您可以選擇這三種ETF或VTI，它是
14:40
total market fund and I say that because of what's called fund overlap to clarify 99% of the Holdings in vo the S&P 500
整體市場基金，我之所以這麼說，是因為所謂的「基金重疊」問題。為了釐清，VO（S&P 500）
14:49
are also in vti the total Stock Market ETF and that then comes out to be 86% overlap by weight so make sure you check
的持股中有 99% 也包含在 VTI（整體股票市場 ETF）中，按權重計算，重疊率高達 86%，因此請務必在
14:57
this out before making your port portfolio I'll leave a link in the description below for you it's
建立您的投資組合之前檢查這一點，我會在下方的描述中為您留下一個連結，它是
15:01
completely free moving on from there another Vanguard ETF that has historically achieved great results so
完全免費的。從這裡開始，另一檔 Vanguard ETF 歷史上表現亮眼，到目前為止
15:06
far is vgt vanguard's infotech ETF now this ETF tracks the performance of stocks in the information technology
就是 VGT，即 Vanguard 的資訊科技 ETF。現在，這檔 ETF 追蹤資訊科技類股
15:14
sector and that comes at a .1% expense ratio and has achieved close to an average annual return of 20% over the
的表現，其費用率為 0.1%，在過去 10 年的平均年報酬率接近 20%，這簡直太瘋狂了，而造成這種情況的一大原因是其權重高度集中在蘋果等公司
15:21
past 10 years that's just insane and a huge reason for this is It's heavyweight concentrated to companies like apple and
過去 10 年的表現簡直太瘋狂了，而造成這種情況的一大原因是其權重高度集中在蘋果等公司
15:27
Microsoft being 21 and 177% each totaling 38% of the entire fund just be aware of this because if you owned only
微軟分別佔 21% 和 17.7%，合計佔整個基金的 38%，請務必留意這一點，因為如果你只持有
15:35
this and put all your money into this specific fund that means 38% of your money is in two stocks which is a lot
這檔基金並將所有資金投入其中，這意味著你 38% 的資金都集中在兩檔股票上，這比例相當高
15:41
another option after that is VM which is a high dividend yielding ETF that has an expense ratio of 0.06% with its dividend
另一個選擇是 VM，這是一檔高股息殖利率的 ETF，其費用率為 0.06%，股息
15:50
yield being 3.07% and an average annual return over the past 10 years of
殖利率為 3.07%，過去 10 年的平均年報酬率為
15:56
99.38% and another option when it comes to International exposure which I've mentioned is the Vanguard Total
99.38%，而關於國際曝險的另一個選擇，我之前提過，就是 Vanguard 總
16:01
International stock ETF vxus which is a solid option coming at .7% of an expense ratio consisting of 40% of its weight
國際股票 ETF vxus，這是一個不錯的選擇，費用率為 0.7%，其權重組成為 40% 歐洲
16:09
from Europe 27 from the Pacific 25 from emerging markets and over the past 10 years it is averag an annual
27% 太平洋地區、25% 新興市場，過去 10 年的平均年報酬率為
16:17
4.06% now you may be saying that's not the best but having International exposure is a great way to improve
4.06%，你可能會說這不是最好的，但持有國際曝險是改善
16:23
diversification for your entire portfolio if you're asking why if the US market were to completely tank you at
整體投資組合多元化的好方法，如果你問為什麼，如果美國市場完全崩盤，你至
16:29
least have another area of your portfolio that might not have done poorly and honestly it could have
少還有投資組合的另一個部分可能表現不差，老實說它甚至可能
16:34
actually gone up and then the last one I want to mention is a bond ETF that is vanguard's Total Bond ETF tier B and D
實際上上漲，而最後我想提到的是 Vanguard 的總債券 ETF BND
16:40
which has a 0.03% expense ratio currently yields 4.31% Which is higher than normal right
其費用率為 0.03%，目前殖利率為 4.31%，這比平時高，對吧
16:47
now due to current market conditions and over the past 10 years it has averaged 1.77% and a fun fact to know is that
現在因為當前市場狀況，過去 10 年的平均殖利率為 1.77%，而一個有趣的事實是，對於債券 ETF，你將按月收到支付的利息。好了，資訊量很大，我們現在
16:54
with Bond ETFs you are going to be paid out that interest monthly all right so that was a ton of information let's now
債券ETF的利息將按月支付給你。好了，資訊量很大，我們現在
16:59
move on to talking about how you can actually trade vanguard's ETFs which if you've ever bought a stock before they
來談談如何實際交易Vanguard的ETF。如果你以前買過股票，它們的
17:05
trade the exact same way so the concept applies exactly the same way now I don't have a Vanguard account you don't need
交易方式完全一樣，概念也完全適用。我現在沒有Vanguard帳戶，你也不需要
17:11
one so I'm going to be showing you this example through Sofi and typically on the top of your platform you're going to
一個，所以我將透過Sofi來展示這個例子。通常在平台頂部你會
17:16
see a search bar you're going to have to click on that and type in the ticker of the fund you could also do the name of
看到一個搜尋欄，你必須點擊它並輸入基金的代碼。你也可以輸入基金
17:22
the fund but for this case type in voo and then when I click on it it takes me to a page that shows a buy button for
的名稱，但在這個案例中輸入VOO。然後當我點擊它，它會帶我到一個頁面，顯示該類型基金的
17:28
this type of fund from there if you click on that buy button you'll be able to type in the amount you want in
買入按鈕。從那裡，如果你點擊那個買入按鈕，你就可以輸入你想用
17:32
dollars or you could do shares if you'd rather but it doesn't matter after that you really just need to review the order
美元購買的金額，或者你也可以選擇股數，但這無所謂。之後，你真的只需要檢查訂單
17:38
and click submit and if you wanted to sell I know this sounds simple but it's pretty much just the exact same thing in
並點擊提交。如果你想賣出，我知道這聽起來很簡單，但它基本上只是反向操作：
17:43
Reverse you're going to click on that fund on your account and you're going to hit the sell button type in exactly how
你將在你的帳戶中點擊那個基金，然後點擊賣出按鈕，精確輸入你
17:48
much you want to sell it might even say sell all in one click and then you can get rid of all that fund or whatever you
想賣出的數量。它甚至可能有一鍵賣出全部的選項，然後你就可以清掉所有該基金或任何你
17:54
want so to lead off from that let's now go over how you can build a portfolio before buying any Investments you first
想賣的部位。談完這個，我們現在來談談如何建立投資組合。在購買任何投資之前，你首先
17:59
need to create a plan so I would recommend applying the 110 rule to at least get started this is a guideline
需要制定一個計畫。我建議至少以「110法則」作為起步。這是一個準則，
18:04
because you're going to be taking 110 subtracting it by your age and that's going to allow you to have a percentage
因為你會用110減去你的年齡，這將決定你應該持有
18:09
of stocks compared to bonds that you should own for example let's say that you are 30 that means that this rule
股票相對於債券的百分比。舉例來說，假設你30歲，這意味著這個法則
18:15
suggests you invest 110 minus 30 which is 80 so 80% into stocks and then 20% into bonds this is a great approach
建議你投資110減30，也就是80，所以80%投入股票，然後20%投入債券。這是一個很棒的方法，
18:24
because it provides a safety net for those that are nearing their ideal retirement age and also allows for those
因為它為那些接近理想退休年齡的人提供了安全網，同時也讓
18:29
that are younger to invest in more risky longer term investments for growth now I'm going to be completely transparent
年輕人可以投資更具風險的長期投資以追求成長。現在，我將完全透明地
18:35
and give you a brief breakdown of how exactly I allocate my investments starting with these three categories
向你簡要說明我如何分配我的投資，從這三個類別開始：
18:40
domestic International and bonds so with those categories I then create a percentage that I want ideally toward
國內、國際和債券。有了這些類別，我接著設定我理想的百分比配置。
18:46
each one for my age and understanding my own position which I would consider I am an aggressive investor and that is
根據我的年齡與理解來配置，考量自身狀況後，我認為自己屬於積極型投資人
18:52
because I have roughly 75% domestic 20% International and 5% bonds since since I don't necessarily need much in bonds
這是因為我的配置大約是 75% 國內、20% 國際與 5% 債券，因為我目前不太需要持有太多債券
19:00
right now for the domestic roughly 50% is in a combination of VB vo and vo which to keep things simpler we could
在國內部分，大約 50% 是配置在 VB、VOO 與 VOO 的組合，為了簡化說明，我們可以
19:07
say vti the total Stock Market ETF I also have another 10% in vgt the Vanguard info Tech ETF that is a high
統稱為 VTI（全股市 ETF）。我另外還有 10% 配置在 VGT，也就是 Vanguard 資訊科技 ETF，這是一檔
19:15
growth fund and then a personal preference but this is to gain exposure in other areas that I don't have much
高成長型基金，基於個人偏好，但這樣做是為了在我目前比重還不高的其他領域
19:19
weight in yet I would add 5% into the Vanguard materials ETF ticker vaw that includes stocks of companies that
取得曝險。我會再加碼 5% 到 Vanguard 原物料 ETF（代號 VAW），這檔 ETF 包含從事
19:27
extract or process raw materials I then have roughly another 5% in vanguard's consumer discretionary ETF VCR that
原物料開採或加工的公司股票。接著我大約還有 5% 配置在 Vanguard 消費 discretionary ETF（VCR），這檔 ETF
19:35
seeks to track the performance of companies that manufacture products and provide services that consumers purchase
追蹤生產產品與提供服務的公司表現，這些產品與服務是消費者基於 discretionary（非必需）需求所購買，
19:41
on a discretionary basis which consist of companies like Amazon Tesla and Home Depot to complete the 75% domestic I
成分股包括亞馬遜、特斯拉與 Home Depot 等公司。為了完成 75% 的國內配置，我
19:48
then have roughly 5% in stocks please realize this is not Financial advice I really just want you to get a better
大約還有 5% 在個股。請注意，這不是財務建議，我只是希望你們能更
19:53
feeling for what I have if you want to see my exact ones you can check out my private newsletter but do not make any
了解我的配置方式。如果你想知道我確切的持股，可以訂閱我的私人電子報，但請不要因為我
19:58
financial decisions because of me you must do your own research after that for the 20% International exposure I use the
做出任何財務決策，你必須自己做研究。接著在 20% 的國際曝險部分，我使用
20:05
Vanguard Total International stock ETF ticker vxus for all of that and then for bonds either to use the Vanguard Total
Vanguard 全球股市 ETF（代號 VXUS）來涵蓋全部國際配置。至於債券，我會使用 Vanguard 全球債券 ETF（BND）
20:12
Bond Market etfb and money market funds like spaxs on Fidelity or treasury bills for example if you're looking for a more
與貨市場基金，例如 Fidelity 的 SPAXX，或是國庫券等。舉例來說，如果你想找更
20:18
moderate approach I would recommend adding more foreign or bond funds and reducing the overall domestic because of
穩健的做法，我會建議增加更多海外或債券基金，並降低整體國內配置比重，因為目前
20:23
how high that is weighted especially when it comes to Investments that are high risk high growth like vgt so like I
國內比重過高，尤其是像 VGT 這類高風險、高成長的投資。就像我
20:29
said if you want to see my entire portfolio and how I allocate each of my own Investments check out my private
說的，如果你想看我的完整投資組合以及我如何分配每一項投資，請查看我
20:34
newsletter I have linked below and if you're curious to learn more about other portfolios that you could create with
的私人電子報，我在下方附上連結。如果你好奇想了解還能用 Vanguard ETF
20:38
vanguards ETFs I highly recommend you check out the videos I've created on that that I'll also have Linked In the
打造哪些其他投資組合，我強烈推薦你看看我製作的相關影片，我也會在說明欄位
20:44
description I hope you found value in this content if you are lost confused or have any questions at all let me know in
附上連結。希望這支影片對你有幫助，如果你感到困惑或有任何疑問，請在下方留言告訴我。
20:48
the comment section below and I'll do my best to help you out and as always don't forget to hit the like subscribe and
歡迎在下方留言區提問，我會盡力為您解答。別忘了像往常一樣，按讚、訂閱並
20:53
notifications button for future money talk content like this
點擊通知鈴鐺，以便接收更多此類財經內容。
