Well the US dollars have gone up and the Euros
have crashed again.
嗯，美元上漲了，歐元又崩跌了。
00:08
What a waste, right?
真是浪費，對吧？
00:10
Hello welcome my name is Emmelda and today’s lesson
is for all those, who feel struggled or who actually have to struggle to understand or
to teach someone some basic financial terms.
If you are one such person relax my child,
your prayers have been answered.
如果你是這樣的人，放輕鬆，你的祈禱應驗了。
00:31
Because today we will be learning basic financial vocabulary
and of course I would have some people, who would say, these words, what a big deal.
因為今天我們將學習基本的財務詞彙，當然，有些人可能會說，這些詞有什麼大不了的。
00:41
I
know these words.
我都知道這些詞。
00:43
Well, you may want to stick around as I will be showing or teaching, how
some of these words are used as idioms in day to day life, which are not related to
finance, so stay tuned and let’s begin.
Currency is a form of money used in various countries.
Currency 是各國使用的一種貨幣形式。
01:13
Now there are six
different currencies which are recognized throughout the world.
目前有六種不同的貨幣是全世界公認的。
01:19
When I say recognized,
I mean that if by any chance, you get hold of that particular currency, you may wanna
go to a bank and they will exchange it for
當我說公認，我的意思是，如果你碰巧拿到某一種特定的貨幣，你可能會想去銀行，他們會為你兌換。
01:29
you, because they will respect that currency
and give you a local form of money.
因為他們會承認那種貨幣，並給你當地形式的錢。
01:35
So what are the six forms of currency, which are valued
or respected throughout the world or recognized throughout the world, here they are.
那麼，哪六種貨幣形式是全世界有價值、受尊重或公認的呢？它們就在這裡。
01:45
The first
one is US Dollars popularly known as USD.
第一種是美元，通稱 USD。
01:50
Then we have the British Pound and the symbol
looks very similar to L.
接著是英鎊，它的符號看起來很像 L。
01:58
We have Euros from Eurozoe.
我們有來自歐元區的歐元。
02:01
We have Japanese Yen.
我們有日圓。
02:04
We have Australian
Dollars and Canadian Dollars.
我們有澳幣和加幣。
02:11
Now these are the six forms of currency used recognized
throughout the world.
這些就是全世界通用且公認的六種貨幣形式。
02:17
Trust me and i know, you may not believe me, but Chinese Renminbi
is coming up fast and actually gaining popularity.
相信我，我知道，你可能不相信我，但人民幣正迅速崛起，實際上越來越受歡迎。
02:26
So maybe in couple of years Chinese Renminbi
maybe, would be considered as another form of recognized currency throughout the world.
所以也許在幾年內，人民幣可能會被視為世界上另一種公認的貨幣。
02:36
So now when we have currency, obviously I’m talking about money that you can use to buy
or sell an item.
所以現在當我們談到貨幣時，我顯然是指你可以用來買賣商品的錢。
02:43
So what do you call that particular amount of money, when you buy or
sell your item?
那麼，當你買賣商品時，那筆特定的金額你稱為什麼？
02:51
You call it price.
你稱之為價格。
02:52
Again price has two different forms.
再次強調，價格有兩種不同的形式。
02:56
The price that you
pay to buy an item, that’s called cost price and the price you give an item for, that’s
called the selling price.
你為了買一件商品所支付的價格，稱為成本價；而你賣出一件商品所得到的價格，稱為售價。
03:09
However people use different word, people use a different form
of word for price.
然而，人們使用不同的詞，人們使用價格的不同詞形。
03:14
You may come up with a question or you may hear this question.
你可能會提出一個問題，或者你可能聽過這個問題。
03:19
How
much is this item worth for?
這件商品值多少錢？
03:21
Or this particular artefact is worth a million dollar, so price
sometimes is used or is replaced with the word worth.
或者這件特定的藝術品價值一百萬美元，所以價格有時會被「價值」這個詞所取代或使用。
03:31
Now if you want to use price in
a non financial term, you will hear statements like, i paid a heavy price for being his or
her partner or the freedom fighters of third
world countries paid a heavy price to gain
independence, by giving up their life.
他們犧牲了自己的生命。
03:56
So here price is used as an idiom, because they
are talking about their sacrifice they have to make to get something.
所以這裡的價格是作為一個成語使用，因為他們談論的是為了得到某樣東西而必須做出的犧牲。
04:04
Now when you do,
when you have cost price, selling price that means, you’re using money to buy and sell
an item.
現在，當你有成本價、售價時，這意味著你正在使用金錢來買賣商品。
04:13
But what’s the activity called?
但這項活動被稱為什麼？
04:15
The activity is called sale, now sale has
various meaning.
這項活動被稱為銷售（sale），現在 sale 有各種含義。
04:19
I’m sure you would see this word sale in many shopping areas.
我相信你會在許多購物區看到 sale 這個詞。
04:24
And
it would say 50% sale, 100% sale or 80% sale.
它會寫著 50% sale、100% sale 或 80% sale。
04:29
Well quite hundred percent sale is quite optimistic,
yeah i know.
嗯，百分之百打折（100% sale）實在太樂觀了，是的，我知道。
04:33
Fifty percent or Eighty percent, but that’s a different meaning.
50% 或 80%，但那是不同的意思。
04:37
I’m talking
about the basic definition of sale, where it talks about the activity through which
you do a transaction or that means you buy or sell a product.
我說的是銷售的基本定義，它指的是你完成一筆交易的活動，也就是說你買進或賣出一項產品。
04:48
Now if you remember a couple
of seconds ago, i said transaction.
如果你幾秒鐘前有記得，我提到了交易（transaction）。
04:54
What is a transaction?
什麼是交易？
04:56
If sale is an activity, transaction
is a process.
如果銷售是一種活動，那麼交易就是一個過程。
05:01
It’s a process through which this buying and selling of services or products
are take place.
這是一個讓服務或產品的買賣得以發生的過程。
05:09
So transaction is a process, whereas sale is an activity.
所以交易是一個過程，而銷售是一種活動。
05:14
Of course what
happens in a process?
當然，在一個過程中會發生什麼事？
05:17
You gain or lose something.
你會得到或失去某些東西。
05:20
You do something.
你做了某些事。
05:21
So what do you get?
那麼你得到了什麼？
05:23
When
you do a sale, when you buy and sell an item.
當你進行銷售，當你買進和賣出一項商品時。
05:27
You may end up having a profit.
你最後可能會獲得利潤。
05:29
That means
if i buy an item let’s say for ten dollars, but i sell it for twelve dollars.
這意味著如果我以十美元買進一項商品，然後以十二美元賣出。
05:36
I made a
profit.
我賺了利潤。
05:37
Agreed right?
同意吧？
05:38
Different word for profit is gain.
利潤的另一種說法是收益（gain）。
05:42
I can say, i made a gain of twelve
dollars or two dollars.
我可以說，我賺了十二美元或兩美元的收益。
05:49
But if i buy an item for ten and sell it for eight.
但如果我以十美元買進一項商品，卻以八美元賣出。
05:55
I made a loss
of two dollars.
我就損失了兩美元。
05:57
So any time, if you’re selling price is above your cost price.
所以任何時候，如果你的售價高於成本價。
06:03
You make a
profit.
你就會獲利。
06:04
If you’re selling price is lower than your cost price.
如果你的售價低於成本價。
06:09
You make a loss.
你就會虧損。
06:10
But
there are times when, you buy an item for ten dollars and you sell an item for ten dollars.
但有時候，你用十塊錢買進一件商品，再用十塊錢賣出。
06:16
What’s that point called?
這個點被稱為什麼？
06:18
It’s a breakeven point.
這就是損益兩平點。
06:19
That means you’re not making a profit,
you’re not making a loss..
這意味著你沒有獲利，也沒有虧損。
06:25
It’s very common term for business people.
這是生意人很常用的術語。
06:28
Why? Because there
is a minimum point or there’s this cost price that they will have set that, you know
dude beyond this, if i sell it any lesser.
為什麼？因為有一個最低點，或是他們設定的成本價，你知道嗎，老兄，一旦超過這個點，如果我再降價出售。
06:38
I’m gonna make a loss.
我就會虧損。
06:39
So let’s say, i
buy an item for, i buy a book for a thousand dollars.
舉例來說，我用一千塊錢買了一本書。
06:43
I read it and then i say, Oh you
know what i need to make some corrections, i need to do this, i need to do that.
我讀完後說，噢，你知道嗎，我需要做一些修正，我需要做這個，我需要做那個。
06:50
I beautify
the book, i laminate the book.
我美化了這本書，我給這本書做了護膜。
06:53
Good job, probably in thousand rupees i added, in thousand dollars
i added another two hundred dollars making the book look nice.
做得好，大概花了一千盧比，不對，是一千美元，我又加了兩百美元讓這本書看起來更漂亮。
07:02
Now i actually invested
thousand two hundred dollars.
現在我實際投資了一千兩百美元。
07:07
So any time if a person comes and tells me, Hey dude can
you give me that book for like thousand dollars, no.
所以任何時候如果有人來跟我說，嘿老兄，你能用一千塊錢把那本書賣給我嗎？不行。
07:12
I can’t because i need a minimum of
thousand two hundred dollars to at least not have a loss, so that point is called a breakeven
point.
我不能，因為我最低需要一千兩百美元才能不虧損，所以那個點就叫做損益兩平點。
07:23
So that’s a very simple term.
這是個非常簡單的術語。
07:25
But It’s very very effective, because you need
to decide what’s your breakeven point or what’s your breakeven price, when you’re
transacting with your wife.
但它非常非常有效，因為當你和你太太交易時，你需要決定你的損益兩平點或損益兩平價格是多少。
07:36
No kidding, relax.
開玩笑的，放輕鬆。
07:37
That we’ll talk about later.
這個我們稍後再談。
07:39
So moving on
to the next word i have is Discount.
那我們繼續下一個單字：Discount（折扣）。
07:42
Remember i talked about sale and i needed told you
that, oh sale i know, shopping, shopping, i know yes.
記得我之前提到過 sale 嗎？我跟你說過，喔 sale 我知道，就是逛街 shopping，我知道沒錯。
07:50
Why? Because discount means a
lower price that means maybe a book or a lovely dress costs me around eighty dollars.
But some people use
it as, hey dude you know what don’t discount me.
但有些人會這樣用：「嘿，老兄，你知道嗎，別 discount 我。」
08:52
I can do better than that.
我可以做得比那更好。
08:54
Hey dude you
know what don’t discount my effort, i actually put in a lot of effort to give you what i
have.
「嘿，老兄，你知道嗎，別 discount 我的努力，我其實花了很多功夫才給你這些成果。」
09:00
So sometimes people use discount not related to finance and that means you are
underestimating someone.
所以有時候人們會在非金融的語境下使用 discount，意思是你正在低估某人。
09:08
Moving on to the next word i have is Gross.
我們繼續下一個單字：Gross（毛利）。
09:11
Yes it’s gross
and not gross.
是的，它是毛額，但不是毛利。
09:14
It’s gross.
它是毛額。
09:15
A lot of people confuse this to gross, no.
很多人把這個跟毛利搞混，不對。
09:18
It’s gross, like
ewww it’s gross.
它是毛額，就像
09:21
Its gross, gross means in totality or total.
它是毛額，gross 的意思是總數或總額。
09:27
And you will hear the
term or read the term GDP.
而你會聽到或讀到 GDP 這個詞。
09:36
What’s GDP?
什麼是 GDP？
09:38
GDP is Gross Domestic Product means total products
and services produced in a particular period of time in a particular place.
GDP 是國內生產毛額（Gross Domestic Product），意思是在特定時間、特定地點所生產的總產品
09:48
So that’s
gross domestic product or GDP.
所以那就是國內生產毛額或 GDP。
09:51
What’s gross, it does not have any deduction.
什麼是毛額，它沒有扣除任何項目。
09:54
It has all
the taxes, all the charges it is involved with and it means in total.
它包含了所有的稅、所有涉及的費用，它的意思是總計。
09:59
Sometimes you
will hear people saying, my gross profit was ten thousand dollars.
有時候你會聽人說，我的毛利是一萬美元。
10:06
When they say gross
profit and if you go to a shop, they say the gross price is ten thousand dollars or your
gross salary is let’s say five thousand dollars for a month.
當他們說毛利，如果你去一家店，他們說毛額價格是一萬美元，或者你的
10:16
It means that they are
talking about the salary in total and they are not talking about taxes.
這意味著他們在談論的是總薪資，而沒有談論稅務。
10:21
So that’s a
killer by the way.
所以順帶一提，這點很重要。
10:23
So that is your gross, but if it’s your gross and I’m not talking
about your taxes or your deductions and if i deduct all those things, what you will have
is Net.
本單元「財經新聞英語入門」旨在幫助學習者掌握基本的財經詞彙。講師 Emmelda 以淺顯易懂的方式，介紹了六種全球公認的貨幣（Currency）、價格（Price）的兩種形式（成本價與售價）、銷售（Sale）與交易（Transaction）的區別，以及利潤（Profit）、虧損（Loss）和損益兩平點（Breakeven Point）的概念。此外，課程還涵蓋了折扣（Discount）、毛利（Gross）與淨利（Net）的差異。不僅如此，講師更進一步解釋如何將這些詞彙應用於日常生活的成語中，例如用「付出了沉重的代價（paid a heavy price）」或「別低估我（don't discount me）」來表達非金融相關的語意。
10Whenthespeakersays 'Ipaidaheavypriceforbeinghispartner', whatisthemeaningof 'price'?當講師說 'I paid a heavy price for being his partner' 時，'price' 是什麼意思？Whenthespeakersays 'Ipaidaheavypriceforbeinghispartner', whatisthemeaningof 'price'?
當講師說 'I paid a heavy price for being his partner' 時，'price' 是什麼意思？
