On a quiet night in 1982, Italian banker Roberto Calvi is on the run.
在1982年的一個寧靜夜晚，義大利銀行家羅伯托·卡爾維正在逃亡。
00:06
He has spent a lifetime working for Banco Ambrosiano, a bank whose biggest customer is the Vatican.
他一生都在為安布羅西亞諾銀行工作，這家銀行的最大客戶是梵蒂岡。
00:13
But now he's a fugitive, desperately trying to escape the long arm of the law.
但現在他成了逃犯，拼命試圖逃脫法律的制裁。
00:19
An Italian smuggler arranged for him to be driven overnight to Austria, where he shuttled between several cities for a few days before boarding a private charter in Innsbruck for a flight to London.
After arriving in London, he finally can catch his breath.
抵達倫敦後，他終於可以喘口氣。
00:38
He has no idea what fate awaits him.
他不知道命運在等待著他。
00:42
Mr. Calvi dismissed as head of Italy's second largest private bank had been missing for nine days.
義大利第二大私人銀行的前行長卡爾維先生已經失蹤了九天。
00:47
The police said a stroller came across his body early Friday, hanging from the scaffolding of Blackfriars Bridge over the Thames River in the heart of London's financial district.
警方表示，一位散步者在週五凌晨發現他的屍體，吊掛在倫敦金融區中心泰晤士河上的黑修士橋腳手架上。
00:59
For centuries, the Catholic Church has been a monumental pillar of human history.
數世紀以來，天主教會一直是人類歷史上的重要支柱。
01:04
From the echoing halls of the Vatican to the humblest of rural chapels, its influence has permeated every corner of the globe.
從梵蒂岡的回響大廳到最偏遠的鄉村小教堂，其影響力已滲透到世界的每個角落。
01:12
But it is also a powerful financial institution, with the world's largest real estate collections, invested interests in a vast number of corporations.
但它也是一個強大的金融機構，擁有世界上最大的房地產集團，並在眾多企業中擁有投資利益。
01:23
The Vatican owns more than 5,000 church and investment properties around the world.
梵蒂岡在世界各地擁有超過5,000處教堂和投資物業。
01:27
A central office at the Catholic Church revealed for the first time Saturday, according to several news outlets.
天主教會的一個中央辦公室週六首次透露，據多家新聞媒體報導。
01:34
Well, I think every Catholic who reads a story like this ends up caring because in the end they want to know where their money is going.
我認為每一位閱讀這樣故事的天主教徒最終都會關心，因為他們想知道自己的錢去了哪裡。
01:40
The Vatican's need to generate revenue like any large institution has occasionally led to decisions that some could perceive as morally ambiguous.
梵蒂岡像任何大型機構一樣，需要產生收入，偶爾會做出一些可能被視為道德模糊的決定。
02:05
It is the height of the Renaissance, and Italy is the epicenter of this movement, with major contributions in painting, sculpture, literature, and architecture.
這是文藝復興的鼎盛時期，義大利是這場運動的中心，在繪畫、雕塑、文學和建築方面做出了重大貢獻。
02:18
Around this time, the Vatican is a powerful entity in Europe, exerting considerable political power, influencing rulers, and governing a substantial territory in central Italy, known as the Papal States.
To maintain its power, the Vatican needs an ever-growing source of income.
為了維持其權力，梵蒂岡需要不斷增長的收入來源。
02:37
It relies on a brilliant strategy to take Vatican finances to the next level, selling indulgences.
它依靠一個精明的策略將梵蒂岡的財務提升到新的水平，出售贖罪券。
02:44
The Church found the money it needed in the selling of so-called indulgences, a sixth-century invention whereby the faithful paid for a piece of paper that promised that God would forgo any earthly punishment for the buyer's sins.
The Vatican set prices according to the severity of the sin, and they were initially available only to those who made a pilgrimage to Rome.
梵蒂岡根據罪行的嚴重程度制定了價格，最初僅提供給前往羅馬朝聖的人。
03:05
This strategy has brought significant income to the Vatican, causing its assets to skyrocket.
這一策略為梵蒂岡帶來了巨額收入，使其資產飆升。
03:10
But what the Church doesn't realize is that this strategy for generating extra income is quickly getting out of control.
但教會沒有意識到的是，這種創收策略很快就失去了控制。
03:18
The licentious lifestyle of the Papal Court and the widespread abuses in selling indulgences became a rallying cry for Martin Luther and the Reformation.
教皇廷的放蕩生活方式和賣贖罪券的普遍濫用成為馬丁·路德和宗教改革的號召。
03:28
Ultimately, Martin Luther's Reformation transforms the religious world.
最終，馬丁·路德的宗教改革改變了宗教世界。
03:34
But for the Catholic Church, it also represents a major financial setback, but approaching the end of the 18th century, the Vatican will suffer an even worse financial catastrophe.
但對天主教會來說，這也代表著一個重大的財務挫折，但接近18世紀末時，梵蒂岡將遭受更嚴重的財務災難。
03:47
In 1789, a crisis is brewing in France.
1789年，法國正在醞釀一場危機。
03:52
After decades of growing anger with the government, a revolution erupts, culminating in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic.
經過數十年對政府的憤怒不斷增長，一場革命爆發，最終推翻了君主制並建立了共和國。
04:02
Europe is thrown into chaos once again.
欧洲再次陷入混亂。
04:06
But one man uses this chaos as a latter, Napoleon Bonaparte, who rises to power in the aftermath of the revolution.
但有一個人利用這種混亂作為階梯，拿破崙·波拿巴在革命後崛起掌權。
04:15
He immediately sees the advantage of controlling the papacy.
他立即看到了控制教皇的優勢。
04:19
By 1798, French forces have invaded Rome itself, proclaiming a Roman Republic and effectively ending papal rule over the city.
到1798年，法國軍隊已經入侵羅馬本身，宣布成立羅馬共和國，並有效地結束了教皇對該市的統治。
04:29
Pope Pius VI dies on August 29, 1799, in valence France, still in French captivity.
教皇庇護六世於1799年8月29日在法國瓦倫斯去世，仍然被法國囚禁。
04:40
The fall of the Vatican and the subsequent death of Pope Pius VI nearly bring the Roman Catholic Church to an end.
梵蒂岡的沒落和教皇庇護六世隨後的去世幾乎使羅馬天主教會走向終結。
04:48
In the 1830s, after the upheaval of the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the papal states are restored to papal control.
19世紀30年代，在拿破崙戰爭的動盪和1815年的維也納會議之後，教皇國恢復了教皇的控制。
04:59
But the Vatican is in a dire financial situation.
但梵蒂岡的財務狀況非常嚴峻。
05:03
Desperate for enough funding to remain operational, the church reaches out to an unlikely financier.
為了獲得足夠的資金以維持運作，教會向一個不太可能的金融家求助。
05:11
The Rothschilds In the 1830s, the Rothschild banking dynasty established itself as a key player in international finance.
羅斯柴爾德家族在19世紀30年代，羅斯柴爾德銀行王朝確立了自己在國際金融中的關鍵地位。
05:24
By stationing its members across key European cities, Frankfurt, London, Paris, Vienna, and Naples, the Rothschilds were extensively involved in government finance, issuing bonds and lending money to states, especially during times of distress when higher interest rates could be charged.
And, at the time, there is one powerful entity in Europe in such financial distress.
而當時，歐洲有一個強大的實體正處於這樣的財務困境中。
05:48
In 1831, Gregory XVI became Pope.
1831年，格里高利十六世成為教宗。
05:53
He knows the Vatican might not survive long unless there is an immediate cash infusion.
他知道，除非立即注入現金，否則梵蒂岡可能無法長久存續。
05:59
For the first time in the church's history, the Vatican decides to borrow money from the most prominent Jewish banker.
在教會歷史上首次，梵蒂岡決定向最著名的猶太銀行家借錢。
06:06
James de Rothschild, head of the family's Paris-based headquarters, becomes the official papal banker.
詹姆斯·德·羅斯柴爾德，家族巴黎總部的負責人，成為正式的教宗銀行家。
06:12
One of his brothers, Carl, who runs the family's Naples branch, begins traveling to Rome to consult with the Pope.
他的兄弟之一，卡爾，負責家族那不勒斯分行，開始前往羅馬與教宗商議。
06:20
Their financial empire prompted a mixture of envy and resentment among church officials.
他們的金融帝國在教會官員中引發了嫉妒和怨恨的混合情緒。
06:25
Most traditionalists, who referred to James as the leader of international jury, were appalled that the church had resorted to Christ-killers for financial sucker.
大多數傳統主義者稱詹姆斯為國際猶太人的領袖，對教會為了金融援助而求助於「殺害基督者」感到震驚。
06:34
French poet Alfred de Vigny wrote that a Jew now reigns over the Pope in Christianity.
法國詩人阿爾弗雷德·德·維尼寫道，一個猶太人現在統治著基督教的教宗。
06:39
He pays monarchs and buys nations.
他支付君主費用，購買國家。
06:42
The Rothschilds lend the Vatican 40 million euros in today's money.
羅斯柴爾德家族借給梵蒂岡相當於今日4000萬歐元的資金。
06:47
It becomes a lifeline that the church desperately needs.
這成為教會急需的救命稻草。
06:53
The unlikely alliance is forged, and with the Rothschilds' influence, the church begins a series of financial reforms, which mean more ways for the church to accumulate assets.
Historically, the Vatican collected money through what is called Peter's Pence.
歷史上，梵蒂岡通過所謂的「彼得便士」來籌集資金。
07:11
It dates back to at least the 8th century, and has its roots in England, where Anglo-Saxon kings collected any attacks for the land to support the Pope.
這可以追溯到至少8世紀，起源於英格蘭，當時盎格魯-撒克遜國王為土地徵收任何稅款以支持教宗。
07:21
This donation, known traditionally as Roma Scott, was collected on the feast of Saints Peter and Paul, and was sent to the Pope as a gesture of solidarity and support for the papacy.
But for the Catholic Church at the time, that income source alone is not sufficient, and they soon begin to sell bonds to the Catholic faithful.
但對當時的天主教會來說，這單一的收入來源並不足夠，他們很快開始向天主教信徒出售債券。
07:42
These bonds are essentially financial instruments that individuals can purchase, thereby loaning money to the Vatican with the promise of repayment, often with interest.
這些債券本質上是個人可以購買的金融工具，從而向梵蒂岡貸款，並承諾償還，通常帶有利息。
07:52
This method allowed the Vatican to raise the necessary funds while engaging the faithful directly in supporting the papal mission.
這種方法使梵蒂岡能夠籌集必要的資金，同時直接讓信徒參與支持教宗的使命。
08:00
But the Vatican doesn't stop there.
但梵蒂岡並沒有就此止步。
08:03
As the capital market system is being adopted across Europe, the Vatican Bank, with vast amounts of gold, needs to diversify into other assets and grow its wealth.
隨著資本市場體系在歐洲被採用，擁有大量黃金的梵蒂岡銀行需要多元化投資其他資產並增長其財富。
08:14
And the Vatican begins investing in real estate across Rome, buying up properties and renting them out to generate income.
梵蒂岡開始在羅馬各地投資房地產，購買物業並出租以產生收入。
08:22
But the Church also realizes the potential of stocks and begins investing heavily in the stocks of the Bank of Rome, hoping to grow the wealth of the Church.
但教會也意識到股票的潛力，開始大舉投資羅馬銀行的股票，希望增加教會的財富。
08:32
The investment in the Bank of Rome has been a profitable one.
投資羅馬銀行已經是一項獲利豐厚的投資。
08:37
Within years of investing in the bank's stocks, it has created huge profits for the Church.
在投資該銀行股票的幾年內，已經為教會創造了巨額利潤。
08:43
As the Vatican emerges onto the financial market as a major player, many companies and even countries begin to view the Vatican as a partner to do business with.
隨著梵蒂岡作為主要參與者進入金融市場，許多公司甚至國家開始將梵蒂岡視為合作夥伴。
08:52
One of them is Germany.
其中之一是德國。
09:00
After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist, Europe is once again thrown into war on a scale unprecedented in world history.
在奧匈帝國的弗朗茨·斐迪南大公被塞爾維亞民族主義者暗殺後，歐洲再次陷入前所未有的世界大戰。
09:14
As the war escalates, Pope Benedict XV, who assumed the papacy in 1914, finds himself navigating a treacherous path between the warring nations.
隨著戰爭升級，1914年即位的教宗本篤十五世發現自己在交戰國之間航行於一條危險的道路上。
09:25
The war has cost a lot of financial strength on the Church.
戰爭已經耗盡了教會的大量財力。
09:28
Remember, the Church's major income comes from donations from various countries.
記住，教會的主要收入來自各國的捐款。
09:35
During wartime, people simply don't have the money or the time to donate.
在戰時，人們簡單地沒有錢或時間捐款。
09:40
But Germany sees the importance of having the Vatican as an ally.
但德國看到了與梵蒂岡結盟的重要性。
09:44
Germany also knows that it can't just give money to the Vatican outright.
德國也知道，它不能直接將錢給梵蒂岡。
09:48
Germany was covertly funneling cash to the Church through Swiss banks and labeling it Peter's Pence that helped stabilize the Church's finances.
德國通過瑞士銀行秘密向教會輸送現金，並將其標記為彼得便士，這有助於穩定教會的財務。
09:57
The German foreign ministry separately sent the Vatican cash from a propaganda slush fund and the Austrians joined with a clandestine subsidy to Benedict.
德國外交部另外從宣傳秘密資金中向梵蒂岡送去現金，奧地利人也加入了對本篤的秘密補貼。
10:06
And it soon becomes clear that the Vatican is an ideal party for covert money operations.
很快就明顯看出，梵蒂岡是秘密資金操作的理想夥伴。
10:12
The Vatican realizes that it needs a professional to manage its growing financial empire.
梵蒂岡意識到，它需要一位專業人士來管理其不斷擴大的金融帝國。
10:18
And soon, they find the perfect man for the job.
很快，他們找到了最合適的人選。
10:25
Bernadino Nogara grew up in a middle-class farming family with Jewish lineage near Lake Como.
貝爾納迪諾·諾加拉在科莫湖附近的一個中產階級農民家庭長大，家庭有猶太血統。
10:31
But Nogara was a devout Catholic who graduated with honors in industrial and electrical engineering from Polytechnico de Milano.
但諾加拉是一位虔誠的天主教徒，他以優異成績畢業於米蘭理工學院的工業和電氣工程專業。
10:40
Starting in the mining industry, Nogara quickly develops a reputation for his financial acumen, especially his ability to manage risk.
從採礦業起步，諾加拉很快因其財務才能，尤其是管理風險的能力而聲名大噪。
10:49
His career propels him to become the Italian delegate to the Ottoman Public Debt Council and to participate in the Versailles Peace Conference after World War I.
他的職業生涯推動他成為意大利駐奧斯曼公共債務委員會的代表，並參加第一次世界大戰後的凡爾賽和平會議。
10:59
But for Nogara, a bigger opportunity awaits.
但對諾加拉來說，一個更大的機會正在等待著他。
11:03
After a masterly speech by Premier Mussolini the Senate this evening by 315 votes to six approved the Lateran Treaties affecting the pacification of the church and state in Italy amidst stirring scenes of enthusiasm.
In 1929, the country of Italy and the Vatican reached a landmark agreement known as the Lateran Pax.
1929年，意大利和梵蒂岡達成了一項具有里程碑意義的協議，即《拉特蘭條約》。
11:24
It creates Vatican City as its own country, allowing the pope to rule it.
它創建了梵蒂岡城作為自己的國家，允許教宗統治它。
11:30
As part of the agreement, the government of Italy pays the Holy See 750 million Italian Lira in cash and 1 billion Lira in government bonds.
作為協議的一部分，意大利政府向聖座支付7.5億意大利里拉的現金和10億里拉的政府債券。
11:41
With a sudden increase in capital, the Vatican needs a man capable enough to manage it.
由於資本突然增加，梵蒂岡需要一個有能力管理它的人。
11:47
Nogara was very well connected, even though there was some whispers about the family's Jewish background.
諾加拉的人脈很廣，儘管有人對他家族的猶太背景有所耳語。
11:54
He seemed like a very faithful Catholic and had a really strong financial expertise.
他看起來像是一個非常忠實的天主教徒，並擁有非常強大的金融專業知識。
11:59
So Pope Pius chose him to handle the significant funds that came from the Lateran Pax.
因此，教宗庇護十一世選擇他來處理來自《拉特蘭條約》的大筆資金。
12:14
Within just months, after Nogara becomes the banker for the church, a global crisis erupts.
在諾加拉成為教會的銀行家後僅幾個月，全球危機就爆發了。
12:21
Premier Mussolini delivered in the Senate a frank and caustic speech on Italy's financial and economic situation in which he blamed this country's ills on the Depression in America.
Initially, after the crash of 1929, there was a Veep shaped recovery and people thought it was just a temporary stock market glitch, but the real economic depression didn't really hit until two and three years later.
By 1932, the Great Depression has reached and spread all over Europe.
到1932年，大蕭條已經蔓延到整個歐洲。
12:50
The Vatican sees its assets lose 30% of their value and its debt payments mount.
梵蒂岡看到其資產價值損失了30%，債務支付不斷增加。
12:55
To tackle the financial difficulty, Pope Pius XI gives Nogara full authority to do whatever is necessary to help save the Vatican's finances.
為了應對財務困難，教宗庇護十一世授予諾加拉全權，採取一切必要措施來幫助拯救梵蒂岡的財政。
13:06
For Nogara, it is the biggest challenge he has ever faced.
對諾加拉來說，這是他迄今為止面臨的最大挑戰。
13:11
He knows that if he lets the Vatican go bankrupt, all the blame will fall on him, and he may go down as one of the most hated people in history.
他知道，如果讓梵蒂岡破產，所有的責任都會落在他的身上，他可能會成為歷史上最遭人憎恨的人之一。
13:23
To boost finances, he asked the Pope to declare 1933 a holy year to boost donations from believers.
為了增加財政收入，他請求教宗宣布1933年為聖年，以增加信徒的捐款。
13:31
Nogara also begins to hedge against any potential financial downfall by loading up on gold.
諾加拉也開始透過大量購入黃金來對沖任何潛在的金融崩潰。
13:37
The way we like to describe gold is it's a hedge against debasement.
我們喜歡將黃金描述為對抗貨幣貶值的對沖工具。
13:42
Let's go back to the word debasement.
讓我們回到「貶值」這個詞。
13:43
Where does it come from?
它的來源是什麼？
13:44
It means adding base metals into precious metals.
它指的是在貴金屬中添加賤金屬。
13:47
You're debasing the gold.
你正在貶低黃金的價值。
13:49
So if you own pure gold, it's a really good hedge against debasement.
因此，如果你擁有純金，它是對抗貨幣貶值的良好對沖工具。
13:53
He also begins to buy up real estate at low prices in France, Britain, and Switzerland.
他還開始在法國、英國和瑞士以低價購入房地產。
14:00
At the same time, he notices price discrepancies with various government bonds.
同時，他注意到各種政府債券的價格存在差異。
14:05
He sees an opportunity for arbitrage.
他看到套利的機會。
14:08
To ensure his actions don't draw unnecessary attention to the church, he establishes a network of holding companies to manage these investments discreetly, ensuring confidentiality, and minimizing political and financial exposure.
Thanks to his trading strategy and financial acumen, the church avoids another financial collapse by 1936.
多虧了他的交易策略和金融才能，教會在1936年避免了另一次金融崩潰。
14:31
His strategic investments positioned the church for an unprecedented recovery, especially with its real estate holdings soaring in value.
他的戰略投資使教會能夠前所未有地復甦，特別是其房地產資產價值飆升。
14:41
Bernadino Nogara is now one of the most important and powerful men in the Vatican.
貝爾納迪諾·諾加拉現在是梵蒂岡最重要和最有權勢的人物之一。
14:48
The Vatican may have bounced back from the Great Depression, but little does it know that another global crisis is about to erupt.
梵蒂岡可能已經從大蕭條中復甦，但它不知道另一場全球危機即將爆發。
14:58
On September 1, 1939, Germany invades Poland, showing the world just how powerful the country has become.
1939年9月1日，德國入侵波蘭，向世界展示了這個國家的強大實力。
15:07
What Hitler's army introduced was the onset of mechanized warfare.
希特勒的軍隊引入了機械化戰爭的開端。
15:12
So this is tanks supported by infantry, artillery supporting them.
這是坦克與步兵、炮兵的協同作戰。
15:19
And then on top of that, you had tactical air support.
此外，還有戰術空中支援。
15:23
They're all coordinated, synchronized, harmonized, and moving very, very rapidly.
它們都經過協調、同步、協調一致，並且移動非常迅速。
15:30
Back in Italy, Mussolini's government is preparing to make a move as well.
回到義大利，墨索里尼的政府也準備採取行動。
15:36
Nogara sees a great risk with the potential global conflict.
諾加拉看到了潛在的全球衝突帶來的巨大風險。
15:39
He realizes the urgency to safeguard the Vatican's assets.
他意識到保護梵蒂岡資產的緊迫性。
15:45
The way to do this is by moving assets to neutral countries at the time, namely Switzerland and the United States.
實現這一目標的方法是將資產轉移到當時的中立國，即瑞士和美國。
15:53
But America won't remain neutral for long.
但美國不會長期保持中立。
15:58
Yesterday, December 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy, United States of America, was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.
1941年12月7日，這個永遠蒙羞的日子，美利堅合眾國遭到日本帝國的海軍和空軍突然且蓄意的襲擊。
16:17
After the Pearl Harbor attack, America is drawn into the war.
珍珠港襲擊後，美國被拖入戰爭。
16:21
The U.S. also begins economic sanctions on Axis powers, including Japan, Germany, and Italy, with asset freezes and import controls.
美國還開始對軸心國（包括日本、德國和義大利）實施經濟制裁，包括資產凍結和進口管制。
16:30
This is when Nogara's talent really shined.
這時，諾加拉的才華真正發揮了作用。
16:34
His goal was solely focused on maximizing and safeguarding the Church's wealth.
他的目標僅僅是專注於最大化和保護教會的財富。
16:39
And because of his strategic investments in America, he was able to secure exemptions from the U.S. economic sanctions.
由於他在美國的戰略投資，他能夠獲得美國經濟制裁的豁免。
16:50
And he doesn't stop there.
而且他並沒有就此止步。
16:52
To better navigate the financial environment during World War II, Nogara realizes that the Vatican should have its own bank, one that has the ability to operate in complete secrecy, and without any transparency.
On June 27, 1942, the Vatican establishes the Instituto Pérez de Relegione, also known as the Vatican Bank.
1942年6月27日，梵蒂岡成立了宗教事務研究所，也就是所謂的梵蒂岡銀行。
17:17
The IOR operated without the need to disclose its financial statements or activities publicly, did not pay taxes, and was not required to show profits.
宗教事務研究所在運作時無需公開披露其財務報表或活動，不繳稅，也不需要顯示利潤。
17:27
They also had the unique ability to destroy its files every decade.
他們還擁有每十年銷毀檔案的獨特能力。
17:34
It's a perfect vehicle to hide and launder money.
這是一個隱藏和洗錢的完美工具。
17:38
By 1945, Nazi officials realized that they are losing.
到1945年，納粹官員意識到他們正在失敗。
17:43
They turned to the Vatican Bank to help move their money.
他們轉向梵蒂岡銀行幫助轉移資金。
17:47
It is estimated that the Nazis stole $598 million.
據估計，納粹竊取了5.98億美元。
17:54
This is $1945 worth of gold.
這是價值1945美元的黃金。
17:58
Around 200 million Swiss francs worth of gold are allegedly funneled through the Vatican Bank and possibly transferred onwards to South America.
據稱，約2億瑞士法郎的黃金通過梵蒂岡銀行流動，並可能轉移到南美洲。
18:08
And it doesn't stop there.
而且事情並未就此停止。
18:10
The Vatican also begins helping Nazi fugitives escape to South America as well.
梵蒂岡還開始幫助納粹逃犯逃往南美洲。
18:15
U.S. intelligence had concluded that Archbishop Antonio Cajano, a close Peron ally, was a conduit between the Italian escape networks and the South American Church, and that the Vatican as an institution, not merely as a group of scattered rogue clerics,
In the aftermath left by World War II, the continent lies in ruins.
第二次世界大戰結束後，整個大陸陷入廢墟。
18:46
From the smoldering ashes of once-great cities to the shattered lives of millions, Europe now needs rebuilding.
從曾經偉大城市的餘燼到數百萬人的支離破碎的生活，歐洲現在需要重建。
18:54
To take full advantage of Europe's resurgence, Nogara realizes there are two industries in which the Vatican must invest heavily.
為了充分利用歐洲的復興，諾加拉意識到梵蒂岡必須大力投資兩個行業。
19:01
The construction industry and the banking industry.
建築業和銀行業。
19:05
Confident that any recovery would include the financial sector, Nogara's team went on a buying binge of Italian banks.
確信任何復甦都將包括金融部門，諾加拉的團隊開始大肆收購意大利銀行。
19:12
By 1950, the IOR owned a share or had a majority interest in 79 of the country's banks.
到1950年，IOR擁有該國79家銀行的股份或控股權。
19:18
Real estate has been, and perhaps always will be, a profitable business for the church.
房地產一直是，並且可能永遠是教會的有利可圖的業務。
19:24
In 1956, the church made millions, just by selling lands to Italy to prepare for the summer Olympics.
1956年，教會通過出售土地給意大利，為夏季奧運會做準備，賺取了數百萬美元。
19:32
As the Vatican bank widens its financial empire across different countries, it needs someone with legal expertise to streamline transactions and investments.
隨著梵蒂岡銀行在不同國家擴大其金融帝國，它需要一位具有法律專業知識的人來簡化交易和投資。
19:42
And in the late 1950s, an up-and-coming financial hustler is looking for an opportunity to make a name for himself.
在1950年代末，一位新晉的金融投機者正在尋找機會，以成就自己的名聲。
19:50
His name is Michelle Sindona.
他的名字是米歇爾·辛多納。
19:55
Michelle Sindona grows up in a poverty-stricken family in 1920.
米歇爾·辛多納於1920年在一個貧困家庭中長大。
20:00
But even as a young man, Sindona shows an above-average ability with numbers.
但即使年輕時，辛多納在數字方面就展現出超乎常人的能力。
20:06
Michelle Sindona's aptitude for math wins him a full scholarship to the University of Messina.
米歇爾·辛多納的數學天賦為他贏得了墨西拿大學的全額獎學金。
20:11
But after graduation, he feels stuck at a dead-end job.
但畢業後，他感到自己陷在一份沒有前途的工作中。
20:16
He knows that to become rich, he must be willing to take risks that others don't have the guts to take.
他知道，要想致富，他必須願意承擔他人不敢承擔的風險。
20:22
Soon, he finds his groove, helping wealthy people and organizations evade taxes, including the mafia.
不久，他找到了自己的方向，幫助富人和組織逃稅，包括黑手黨。
20:30
At the beginning of the 1950s, he traveled to New York and met with the Gambido family.
在1950年代初，他前往紐約，並與甘比諾家族會面。
20:36
In 1957, he had become closely associated with them and was chosen to manage their profits from heroin sales.
1957年，他與他們關係密切，並被選中管理他們從海洛因銷售中獲取的利潤。
20:43
His ability to help people avoid taxes means he can maximize profit for his clients.
他幫助人們避稅的能力意味著他能為客戶最大化利潤。
20:50
It is a skill highly desired by the Vatican.
這是一項教廷非常渴望的技能。
20:55
In early 1959, the future pope of the Catholic Church, Montini, John XXIII, wants to build a retirement home called Casa Madonina.
1959年初，未來的天主教教皇蒙蒂尼，即若望二十三世，想要建造一個名為「聖母之家」的養老院。
21:06
But he wants to raise money secretly and quickly.
但他想要秘密且迅速地籌集資金。
21:10
So, he turns to Sindona for help.
於是，他向辛多納求助。
21:13
Sindona was able to raise $2 million needed for the project in a single day.
辛多納能夠在一天內籌集到該項目所需的200萬美元。
21:19
This kind of speed of moving money around will come really handy for the Church in the future.
這種快速調動資金的能力在未來將對教會非常有用。
21:25
In the end, working with Sindona will be one of the worst mistakes the Church has ever made.
最終，與辛多納合作將成為教會有史以來所犯的最嚴重的錯誤之一。
21:31
But in the meantime, the Church is poised to make more tax-free money than at any other time in its history.
但與此同時，教會正準備比歷史上任何時候都賺取更多的免稅資金。
21:44
As the Vatican's finance becomes more global, the Church promotes Cardinal Paul Marcinkus as the president of the Vatican Bank.
隨著教廷的金融業務變得更加全球化，教會提拔保祿·馬辛庫斯樞機為教廷銀行行長。
21:58
Marcinkus grew up in a working-class American family.
馬辛庫斯在美國工薪階層家庭中長大。
22:02
He was educated at Quigley Preparatory Seminary and later at the University of St. Mary of the Lake in Mundelline, Illinois, where he was ordained a priest in 1947.
The 6-foot-3 American-born Marcinkus seemed more like a football lineman than a low-ranking clerical bureaucrat assigned to the Secretary of State's office.
When he drank whiskey, he did not hide the bottle when a senior cleric walked into the room.
當他喝威士忌時，即使高級教士走進房間，他也不會藏起酒瓶。
22:27
He smoked cigars and did not ask permission before lighting one.
於是，他向辛多納求助。
22:29
As American working for the Vatican, Marcinkus was a very great diplomat.
作為在梵蒂岡工作的美國人，馬辛庫斯是一位非常出色的外交官。
22:35
He was adept at handling all the international assignments given by the Church, and he managed to become a part of the inner circle of the Pope.
他擅長處理教會交辦的所有國際任務，並成功成為教宗內圈的一員。
22:44
For Marcinkus, his predecessor Nagara's achievements loom large.
對馬辛庫斯來說，他的前任納加拉的成就顯得非常偉大。
22:49
He knows that although he doesn't have that financial genius, he is determined to accomplish great things for the Vatican by working with smart financiers.
他知道，雖然自己沒有那種金融天賦，但他決心與聰明的金融家合作，為梵蒂岡成就偉業。
22:59
People like Sindona and Roberto Calvi.
例如辛多納和羅伯托·卡爾維。
23:06
Roberto Calvi grew up in a banking family. His father was a prominent banker.
羅伯托·卡爾維在銀行世家長大，他的父親是一位著名的銀行家。
23:11
At a young age, his father showed him there was only one business worth getting into, the business of money.
從小，他的父親就告訴他，唯一值得投入的行業就是金錢的行業。
23:19
From the very beginning, he learned that by networking and moving money around, it was possible to build a fortune without having to create or build anything himself.
從一開始，他就學到，通過人脈和資金調度，可以在不創造或建造任何東西的情況下積累財富。
23:29
In 1960, while working at Banco Ambrosiano, a bank catered to Catholic clients, Calvi has the major breakthrough when Sindona introduces him to Marcinkus.
As the new president of the Vatican Bank, Paul Marcinkus is criticized for his lack of financial training.
作為梵蒂岡銀行的新行長，保羅·馬辛庫斯因缺乏金融培訓而受到批評。
23:47
Marcinkus believes that in order to make up for that shortcoming, he needs to do something big.
馬辛庫斯認為，為了彌補這一不足，他需要做出一番大事業。
23:53
And Calvi could be just the guy to make it happen for him.
而卡爾維可能就是能幫他實現這一目標的人。
23:57
Unlike his predecessor, Nagara, he lacked the ability to master the complexities of international finance.
不像他的前任納加拉，他缺乏掌握國際金融複雜性的能力。
24:04
Some speculate that Marcinkus being financially illiterate was easily taken advantage of by Calvi and Sindona.
有些人猜測，馬辛庫斯因為不懂金融而輕易被卡爾維和辛多納利用。
24:13
Marcinkus' complexity is an essential skill for all finance practitioners.
馬辛庫斯的複雜性是所有金融從業者的必備技能。
24:18
It entails an understanding of probability, data visualization, and game theory.
這需要理解概率、數據可視化和博弈論。
24:25
A fantastic place to effectively learn these critical subjects is Brilliant.org.
有效學習這些關鍵科目的絕佳場所是Brilliant.org。
24:31
It is a platform where learning is active, featuring thousands of interactive lessons in math, data analysis, programming, and AI.
這是一個學習主動的平台，提供數千節互動課程，涵蓋數學、數據分析、編程和人工智能。
24:40
One common trait among successful financiers I have covered is their proficiency with numbers, with majority enjoying playing car games.
我所介紹的成功金融家的一個共同特質是他們擅長數字，大多數人喜歡玩車牌遊戲。
24:49
Developing a strong intuition for statistics can provide a critical edge in finance.
培養對統計的敏銳直覺可以在金融領域提供關鍵優勢。
24:55
Brilliant's introduction to probability lays a solid foundation for mastering any number-related subjects, while their data visualization course helps you make sense of complex data.
The best part? You will find them much easier and faster to master than any traditional methods.
最好的部分是？你會發現這些課程比任何傳統方法更容易、更快速地掌握。
25:12
Each lesson is filled with hands-on problem-solving that lets you interact with concepts, a method proven to be six times more effective than watching lecture videos.
每堂課都充滿了實際的問題解決，讓你與概念互動，這種方法被證明比觀看講座視頻有效六倍。
25:23
To try everything Brilliant has to offer for free for a full 30 days, visit Brilliant.org slash Phineas.
And at the behest of Graham Martin, the American ambassador to Italy, Sindona purchased an influential Rome-based English-language newspaper, The Daily American.
在美國駐意大利大使 Graham Martin 的要求下，Sindona 購買了總部位於羅馬的有影響力的英文報紙《The Daily American》。
26:54
For Sindona, there is a grand prize waiting for him.
對於 Sindona 來說，有一個大獎在等著他。
26:58
The Lowe's Corporation announced yesterday that it had sold a block of one million shares of the Franklin New York Corporation, the parent company of the $3.3 billion Franklin National Bank, to Fasco International Holdings, AG, which is wholly owned by Michelle Sindona, an extremely wealthy but little-known Italian financier.
Lowe's Corporation 昨天宣布，已將 Franklin New York Corporation 的 100 萬股股份出售給 Fasco International Holdings, AG，後者由極其富有但鮮為人知的意大利金融家 Michelle Sindona 全資擁有。Franklin New York Corporation 是價值 33 億美元的 Franklin National Bank 的母公司。
27:17
Franklin National Bank is the 18th largest bank in America at the time of the takeover, with assets valued at $3.4 billion.
在收購時，Franklin National Bank 是美國第 18 大銀行，資產價值為 34 億美元。
27:28
Michelle Sindona has gone from an Italian lawyer to a banking tycoon in America.
Michelle Sindona 已從一名意大利律師成為美國的銀行大亨。
27:33
Within just a few short years, Calvi and Sindona have grown their own financial empires, bigger and faster than almost anyone.
在短短幾年內，卡爾維和辛多納已經建立了自己的金融帝國，規模和速度幾乎無人能及。
27:42
With the protection and backing of the Vatican Bank, no one can touch them.
在梵蒂岡銀行的保護和支持下，沒有人能動他們一根寒毛。
27:48
There is but one exception.
但有一個例外。
28:02
After taking over Franklin National Bank, Sindona begins to engage in risky foreign exchange trades, using the bank.
接管富蘭克林國民銀行後，辛多納開始利用該銀行進行高風險的外匯交易。
28:10
Soon enough, the bank incurs tens of millions in losses.
很快，該銀行蒙受了數千萬美元的損失。
28:14
The outflow of deposits from the Franklin National Bank increased somewhat during the week ended Wednesday.
在截至週三的一週內，富蘭克林國民銀行的存款外流有所增加。
28:20
As a result, the bank has now lost nearly 24% of its deposits since its troubles first came to light on May 10th.
因此，自5月10日首次曝光問題以來，該銀行已經損失了近24%的存款。
28:28
4,000 miles away from the U.S., Sindona's investment in Italian banks also begins to fail.
距離美國4,000英里之外，辛多納在意大利銀行的投資也開始失敗。
28:34
This must have been a really chaotic period for Sindona.
這對辛多納來說一定是一段非常混亂的時期。
28:38
He tried to use his legal expertise by merging various banks together to high losses.
他試圖利用自己的法律專業，通過合併各家銀行來掩蓋巨額損失。
28:44
Sindona hopes that as a major U.S. bank, Franklin National Bank will survive through a government bailout, but he has no idea what is about to happen.
辛多納希望作為美國主要銀行的富蘭克林國民銀行能夠通過政府救助而生存下來，但他不知道即將發生什麼。
28:54
The Franklin National Bank was declared insolvent yesterday in the largest bank failure in American banking history.
富蘭克林國民銀行昨天被宣告破產，這是美國銀行史上最大的銀行倒閉事件。
28:59
The institution was immediately taken over by the European American Bank and Trust Company, a New York state chartered entity owned by six of the largest banks in Europe.
該機構立即被歐洲美國銀行和信託公司接管，這是一家由歐洲六大銀行擁有的紐約州特許實體。
29:09
By the early 1970s, Sindona's world is collapsing down on him.
到20世紀70年代初，辛多納的世界正在崩潰。
29:13
The Italian authorities have liquidated all of his assets in Italy and seek the extradition of Sindona from the U.S., and with Franklin National's collapse, the U.S. Justice Department is also looking to indict Sindona.
With a complete collapse of Sindona's empire, one man sees an opportunity to exploit and profit from the situation for himself.
隨著辛多納帝國的徹底崩潰，一個人看到了利用和從中獲利的機會。
29:44
With his former partner in peril, Calvi realizes that he can take over Sindona's assets for pennies on the dollar, and use that to deepen his ties with the Vatican.
So he essentially claimed the stocks that Sindona used to own in these various shell companies and satellite banks, making himself the largest shareholder in all of these firms.
於是，他基本上聲稱了辛多納在各種空殼公司和附屬銀行中擁有的股票，使自己成為這些公司的最大股東。
30:09
And with Sindona in jail, the Vatican's international business is now mostly in the hands of Calvi.
而隨著辛多納入獄，梵蒂岡的國際業務現在主要掌握在卡爾維手中。
30:15
The Ambrosiano and the Vatican Bank were shuffling back and forth tens of millions of dollars between their many offshore companies.
安布羅西亞諾銀行和梵蒂岡銀行在它們的許多離岸公司之間來回轉移數千萬美元。
30:21
The IOR by this time had loaned or invested $175 million in Calvi backed offshore companies.
至此時，IOR已向卡爾維支持的離岸公司貸款或投資了1.75億美元。
30:29
But Sindona, desperate, is not about to back down from Calvi.
但辛多納在絕望中，並不打算向卡爾維屈服。
30:34
He begins to threaten and attempt blackmail against his former partner.
他開始威脅並試圖敲詐他的前合夥人。
30:38
Sindona tries to force Calvi to provide financial help to cover his spiraling legal costs, and to support him through fraudulent schemes.
辛多納試圖迫使卡爾維提供財務援助，以支付他不斷上升的法律費用，並通過詐騙計劃支持他。
30:47
Under pressure, Calvi gives in.
在壓力下，卡爾維屈服了。
30:49
He diverts substantial funds to Sindona.
他轉移了大量資金給辛多納。
30:53
This includes a significant transaction where Calvi is forced to wire $500,000 to Sindona's account under duress.
這包括一筆重大交易，卡爾維被迫在壓力下將50萬美元匯入辛多納的賬戶。
31:02
But for Sindona, it isn't enough. He demands more payment from Calvi.
但對辛多納來說，這還不夠。他向卡爾維索取更多款項。
31:07
When Calvi refuses, Sindona tips off journalists about Calvi's secret Swiss bank accounts, leading to massive public and legal scrutiny.
當卡爾維拒絕時，辛多納向記者透露了卡爾維在瑞士銀行的秘密賬戶，導致大規模的公眾和法律審查。
31:16
In just three years, Calvi struggles to keep his financial empire afloat amid mounting legal and financial pressures.
在短短三年內，卡爾維在不斷增加的法律和財務壓力下，努力維持他的金融帝國。
31:25
His own financial empire is crumbling.
他自己的金融帝國正在崩潰。
31:28
By 1982, Roberto Calvi realizes that his financial schemes cannot be sustained any longer.
到1982年，羅伯托·卡爾維意識到他的金融計劃無法再維持下去。
31:35
On the night of June 10, he decides to flee Italy for London.
在6月10日的晚上，他決定逃離意大利前往倫敦。
31:39
From Mugia, an Italian smuggler arranged for him to be driven overnight to Austria, where he shuttled between several cities for a few days before boarding a private charter in Innsbruck for a flight to London.
He spent the last three days of his life in flat 881, a tiny room at the Chelsea Cloisters, a dreary guesthouse in the capital's posh south Kensington district.
The body of a missing Italian financier Roberto Calvi, the central figure in a $790 million bank fraud scandal, was found hanging from a London bridge Friday the police said today.
Mr. Calvi dismissed his head of Italy's second largest private bank, had been missing for nine days.
卡爾維先生是意大利第二大私人銀行的負責人，已經失蹤了九天。
32:20
The police said a stroller came across his body early Friday, hanging from the scaffolding of Blackfriars bridge over the Thames River in the heart of London's financial district.
No doubt that Calvi had a strong connection with a Vatican.
毫無疑問，卡爾維與梵蒂岡有著密切的聯繫。
32:43
His activities helped bring a lot of money into the church, but as Banco and Brizziano came close to failing, threatening to reveal more than just financial losses, this has turned Calvi from an asset to a liability for the Vatican.
Could it be that those who once offered him protection have turned their backs, or worse orchestrated his demise to silence his confessions?
那些曾經提供他保護的人是否已經背棄他，甚至更糟地策劃他的滅亡來封住他的口？
33:09
Michelle Sindona, who at the time was a disgraced banker and former ally of Calvi, he became yet another potential suspect.
米歇爾·辛多納，當時是一位聲名狼藉的銀行家和卡爾維的前盟友，他成為另一個潛在的嫌疑人。
33:18
Their partnership used to be very profitable for both of them, but now it has gone bad because of the accusations and betrayals.
他們的合作曾經對雙方都非常有利，但現在卻因為指控和背叛而變質。
33:26
Sindona was very clever, and he was also facing his own legal problems.
辛多納非常聰明，而且他自己也面臨著法律問題。
33:31
He might have seen Calvi's downfall as a final chess move.
他可能將卡爾維的垮台視為最後一步棋。
33:35
In the cutthroat world of high finance and higher stakes, revenge is more than just a motive.
在高風險的金融世界中，復仇不僅僅是一個動機。
33:41
It is a statement.
這是一種聲明。
33:43
The darkest possibility is the mafia.
最黑暗的可能性是黑手黨。
33:46
Calvi had been their money manager, laundering large amount of money through the complex network of Banco and Brizziano, but working for the mafia came with a huge risk.
卡爾維曾是他們的資金管理人，通過班科和布里齊亞諾的複雜網絡洗錢，但為黑手黨工作伴隨著巨大的風險。
33:59
His death set up like a dramatic public execution under a bridge named Blackfriars looks like a mafia killing, a warning written in the criminal world's record.
In the end, the Vatican decides to publicly acknowledge that it was a mistake to work with Calvi, but denies that it has anything to do with his death.
最後，梵蒂岡決定公開承認與卡爾維合作是一個錯誤，但否認與他的死有任何關係。
34:20
The church agrees to pay $244 million in a legal settlement involving Banco and Brizziano.
教會同意支付2.44億美元的法律和解金，涉及班科和布里齊亞諾。
34:28
The public scandal is a huge blow to the church.
這起公共醜聞對教會是一個巨大的打擊。
34:31
Seeing their money being misused, Catholics around the world decide to lower their contributions to the Vatican, leading to a budget deficit for the church from around 1984 to 1985.
After the death of Calvi, Sindona fights hard to avoid being extradited to Italy because he knows that may just be a death sentence for him as well.
在卡爾維死後，辛多納努力避免被引渡到意大利，因為他知道這可能也會是他的死刑判決。
34:58
But on March 30, 1985, Italian authorities successfully extradite Michelle Sindona to Italy.
但1985年3月30日，意大利當局成功將米歇爾·辛多納引渡回意大利。
35:07
Sindona's worst fear comes true.
辛多納最害怕的事情成真了。
35:09
Michelle Sindona, one of Italy's most successful financiers whose empire collapsed amid charges of fraud and murder, died today in a vogera hospital of cyanide poisoning.
His mysterious death removed from the scene, a man who was at the center of many of Italy's most important recent financial and political scandals.
他的神秘死亡使一個曾經處於意大利許多最重要的近期金融和政治醜聞中心的人消失了。
35:31
Sindona was one's mafia's favorite member, but things changed when his golden touch failed, losing millions in mafia's money through bat management and the eventual collapse of his financial empire.
The mafia, like the Gambido family, known for the ruthlessness rarely forgifts such a mistakes.
黑手黨，如以殘酷著稱的甘比諾家族，很少會原諒這樣的錯誤。
35:53
His fall from grace makes him a marked man.
他的失勢讓他成為被標記的對象。
35:56
His knowledge and potential cooperation with authorities make him a dead one.
他所掌握的知識以及可能與當局合作，讓他成為必死之人。
36:01
The cyanide-laced coffee could easily have been the mafia's closing statement, a signature act of retribution.
那杯摻有氰化物的咖啡，很可能就是黑手黨的最後聲明，一種標誌性的報復行動。
36:09
Their reach extends even behind bars, and the message is clear.
即使身在牢獄，他們的勢力仍能延伸，而訊息非常明確。
36:14
Betrayal, real or perceived is a deadly sin with only one atonement.
背叛，無論是真實的還是被認為的，都是致命的罪行，只有一種贖罪方式。
36:25
Archbishop Paul Messincus had long dealt with the murky finances of the Vatican.
大主教保羅·梅辛庫斯長期處理梵蒂岡的不明朗財務。
36:30
His partnership with Sindona had been very extensive and secretive.
他與辛多納的合作非常廣泛且秘密。
36:36
But as Sindona's usefulness decreased, and his risks increased, rumors of his potential testimony involving Vatican-backed operations turned him from a helpful ally into a threat.
Could it be that Messincus, acting on a higher directive or his initiative, orchestrated Sindona's silent assassination to forever seal those lips that threaten to speak?
With the permanent silence of Calvi and Sindona, the Vatican's secret dealings with them may be permanently buried.
隨著卡爾維和辛多納的永久沉默，梵蒂岡與他們的秘密交易可能被永遠掩埋。
37:12
But what they don't know is that their trouble is far from over.
但他們不知道的是，他們的麻煩遠未結束。
37:15
Italian authorities last week issued a warrant for the arrest of Archbishop Paul C. Messincus, but it did not appear that they would be confronting him any time soon.
意大利當局上週發出了逮捕大主教保羅·C·梅辛庫斯的令狀，但看來他們短期內不會與他對質。
37:23
For the Vatican, if an Archbishop is arrested, the publicity will be a huge blow to the Church, and it will likely destroy the beliefs of many of the faithful, leading to even less donations from them.
Remember, the Vatican is his own sovereign state, so they don't have to let any country arrest any of their own people.
記住，梵蒂岡是一個主權國家，因此他們不必讓任何國家逮捕他們的任何人。
37:45
So the Church fought really, really hard against Italian jurisdiction over Messincus.
因此，教會極力反對意大利對梅辛庫斯的司法管轄權。
37:49
The Vatican, throwing its full weight behind Archbishop Paul C. Messincus, issued a sharply worded statement today expressing profound astonishment at efforts by the Italian authorities to arrest the American head of the Vatican Bank and two of his closest associates.
Despite being implicated in the massive financial scandal surrounding the collapse of Banco Ambrosiano in 1982, Messincus manages to avoid legal consequences primarily due to the legal protections afforded by his position within the Vatican.
In the 1990s, the Vatican Bank faces unprecedented scrutiny and scandal.
在1990年代，梵蒂岡銀行面臨前所未有的審查和醜聞。
38:38
The institution struggles under the weight of corruption allegations and financial mismanagement.
該機構在腐敗指控和財務管理不善的重壓下苦苦掙扎。
38:44
With the retirement of Messincus, the Church is eager to look for a replacement that can restore the trust of the Vatican Bank.
隨著Messincus的退休，教會急於尋找一位能夠重建梵蒂岡銀行信任的接班人。
38:52
The Church was looking to hire Angelo Coloya, a respected banker known for his commitment to ethical finance.
教會希望聘請Angelo Coloya，一位以致力於道德金融而聞名的受人尊敬的銀行家。
38:59
Coloya is the CEO of Mediocredito Lombardo, a prominent merchant bank in Milan.
Coloya是Mediocredito Lombardo的執行長，這是米蘭一家著名的商業銀行。
39:05
Notably, he is deeply involved in the Catholic financial community as a leading member of the group for culture, ethics, and finance.
值得注意的是，他作為文化、倫理和金融小組的主要成員，深深參與了天主教金融界。
39:13
The Church realizes to help repair the damaging reputation left by Messincus, Coloya is the perfect candidate for the job.
教會意識到，為了幫助修復Messincus留下的損害聲譽，Coloya是這份工作的完美人選。
39:24
The Vatican today turned over the management of its scandal-tainted bank to financial experts not connected with the clergy, ending the 20-year presidency of Paul C. Messincus, an American archbishop.
梵蒂岡今天將其醜聞纏身的銀行管理權交給了與神職人員無關的金融專家，結束了美國大主教Paul C. Messincus長達20年的主席任期。
39:39
During the first few years, Angelo Coloya battles internal resistance and attempts reforms.
在最初的幾年裡，Angelo Coloya與內部阻力作鬥爭並嘗試進行改革。
39:45
With secret accounts, illicit financial flows, and high-profile legal challenges, the bank struggles highlight significant governance issues.
由於秘密賬戶、非法資金流動和備受矚目的法律挑戰，該銀行的困境突顯出重大的治理問題。
39:55
The results of Coloya's initiatives are mixed.
Coloya倡議的結果喜憂參半。
39:58
The IOR continues to face legal and ethical challenges.
IOR繼續面臨法律和倫理挑戰。
40:03
The Vatican and Coloya may have been focused on fixing the Church and its finances, but their problems are about to be dwarfed.
梵蒂岡和Coloya可能專注於修復教會及其財務，但他們的問題即將被更大的危機所遮蔽。
40:11
A crisis is brewing, one that will expose a darkness far greater than any financial misdeeds.
一場危機正在醞釀，它將揭露一個比任何財務不當行為更黑暗的陰影。
40:25
Cardinal Bernard Law, who protected the priest accused of molesting more than 130 children, is under growing pressure to resign himself.
保護被控侵犯130多名兒童的神父的樞機主教Bernard Law，面臨越來越大的辭職壓力。
40:34
Boston's Bernard Cardinal Law breaks his silence and apologizes in the case of a former priest accused of molesting children.
波士頓的Bernard樞機主教Law打破沉默，並在一名被控侵犯兒童的前神父案件中道歉。
40:42
More than 130 people have accused this man, John Gagan, of assaulting them over three decades, and dozens have charged that Cardinal Law and the Catholic Church protected Gagan.
In 2002, a series of reports by the Boston Globe's investigative team, known as the Spotlight Team, uncovers a pattern of sexual abuse by priests in the Boston Archdiocese, as well as efforts by Church leaders to cover up the incidents and protect the abusers.
The escalating sexual abuse scandal involving a few priests has shaken not just the American Catholic Church, but also the Vatican.
少數神父涉及的性侵醜聞不斷升級，震撼了不僅是美國天主教會，還有梵蒂岡。
41:16
Pope John Paul II has summoned U.S. Cardinals for a meeting next week in Rome.
教宗若望保祿二世已召集美國樞機主教下週在羅馬舉行會議。
41:21
The meeting will provide, quote, guidelines aimed at restoring a sense of safety and tranquility to families and trust to clergy and the faithful.
該會議將提供“旨在恢復家庭的安全感和寧靜，以及神職人員和信徒的信任”的指導方針。
41:29
While the scandal is initially most prominent in the United States, similar allegations soon emerge worldwide, including in Ireland, Australia, Canada, and various countries in Europe and Latin America.
Amid the scandal and the financial difficulties, Pope John Paul II passes away on April 2, 2005.
在醜聞和財務困難之際，教宗若望保祿二世於2005年4月2日逝世。
42:45
After the passing of Pope John Paul II, a surprising candidate rises to the top and gains the votes to become the next pope.
若望保祿二世逝世後，一位出人意料的候選人脫穎而出，獲得選票成為下一任教宗。
42:54
Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger becomes the first German pope in a thousand years.
枢機主教約瑟夫·拉辛格成為千年來首位德國籍教宗。
42:59
He became pope at a very peculiar time.
他在一個非常特殊的時期成為教宗。
43:02
The Church, and particularly the Vatican Bank, was still acting with a lot of secrecy and backroom dealings.
教會，特別是梵蒂岡銀行，仍然在進行許多秘密交易和幕後操作。
43:10
There was a demand from everyone else for more transparency and adherence to regulations in different countries.
其他人都要求更多的透明度和遵守各國的法規。
43:17
As the new pope, Benedict makes efforts to increase transparency and compliance within the Vatican's financial institutions, particularly the Vatican Bank.
作為新教宗，本篤十六世努力提高梵蒂岡金融機構，特別是梵蒂岡銀行的透明度和合規性。
43:28
To repair the broken image left by the sex scandal, Benedict takes significant steps to address the clergy sexual abuse crisis.
為了修復性醜聞所留下的破碎形象，本篤十六世採取重大措施來解決神職人員性侵危機。
43:36
He is the first pope to meet with abuse victims, an action he repeats in several countries.
他是第一位與受害者會面的教宗，這一行動他在多個國家重複進行。
43:43
But none of his actions will prevent the storm that happens next.
但他的任何行動都無法阻止接下來發生的風暴。
43:46
The Pentecostal Mass at St. Peter's Basilica.
在聖彼得大教堂舉行的五旬節彌撒。
43:51
It is normally a moment of celebration, but these are difficult times for the leader of the Catholic Church.
這通常是一個慶祝的時刻，但對天主教會的領袖來說，這是一段艱難的時期。
43:58
Here's Holy See at the center of scandal.
這裡的聖座正處於醜聞的中心。
44:02
Just hours before the pope's personal butler, Paolo Gabrielli, was charged with possessing confidential people papers.
在教宗的私人管家保羅·加布里埃利被控持有機密文件的幾小時前。
44:11
In 2012, Paolo Gabrielli, the butler to Pope Benedict, steals and leaks documents exposing internal Vatican correspondence, including letters and memos between high-ranking officials.
They reveal a range of issues, such as allegations of corruption, financial mismanagement, power struggles, and internal conflict within the Vatican hierarchy.
這些文件揭露了一系列問題，如腐敗指控、財務管理不當、權力鬥爭以及梵蒂岡高層內部的衝突。
44:35
The leaks cost huge embarrassment to the Vatican, exposing deep rifts and power struggles that led to widespread media coverage and public scrutiny, adding pressure to an already embattled institution grappling with various scandals.
The Vatican condemns the leaks and initiates an internal investigation, which leads to the identification and arrest of Gabrielli.
梵蒂岡譴責洩露事件並展開內部調查，最終確認並逮捕了加布里埃利。
44:59
He is subsequently tried and found guilty of theft in October 2012, receiving a sentence of 18 months in prison, which is later commuted by Pope Benedict XVI's as part of a papal pardon.
Following Pope Benedict XVI's unexpected resignation, the Cardinals have a very limited time for any pre-conclave political maneuvers.
在教宗本篤十六世意外辭職後，樞機們只有非常有限的時間進行秘密會議前的政治運作。
47:07
Despite not being a front-runner and having previously planned for retirement, Bergoglio emerges as a strong candidate in a tightly contested election.
盡管伯格里奧並非熱門人選，且原本已計劃退休，但在一場激烈的競選中，他脫穎而出成為強勢候選人。
47:16
Ultimately winning on the fifth ballot.
最終在第五輪投票中勝出。
47:23
Pope Francis quickly distinguishes himself with his humble, populist approach, contrasting sharply with his predecessor's style.
教宗方濟各迅速以其謙遜、平民化的作風與前任形成鮮明對比。
47:32
He shuns traditional papal luxuries and focuses on outreach to the poor and marginalized.
他拒絕傳統教宗的奢華生活，專注於關懷窮人和邊緣群體。
47:38
His approach to contentious issues like homosexuality, abortion, and church doctrine is more inclusive and compassionate.
他對同性戀、墮胎和教會教義等爭議性議題的態度更加包容和富有同情心。
47:46
Which resonates with many, but also sparks debates about the potential for doctrinal changes.
這引起許多人的共鳴，但也引發了關於教義可能變革的辯論。
47:52
Pope Francis was much more progressive than his predecessor.
教宗方濟各比他的前任更為進步。
47:56
Early in his role, he refreshed Church's image, appealing widely to Catholics and non-Catholics around the world.
在任期初期，他為教會形象注入新活力，廣受全球天主教徒和非天主教徒的歡迎。
48:04
The effects of Pope Francis have fared even better for the Vatican Bank.
教宗方濟各的影響甚至為梵蒂岡銀行帶來更好的發展。
48:10
As a result of increased mass attendance and volunteer participation in Catholic charities, the Vatican Bank receives an unprecedented amount of donations from the faithful again.
由於參加彌撒和參與天主教慈善活動的志願者人數增加，梵蒂岡銀行再次收到信徒前所未有的捐款。
48:33
In 2024, under the leadership of Pope Francis, the Vatican Bank publishes annual financial reports regularly, enhancing its transparency.
2024年，在教宗方濟各的領導下，梵蒂岡銀行定期發布年度財務報告，提高了其透明度。
48:43
While Europe and America see a decrease in the number of priests, there is an increase in Africa and Asia, indicating a shift in the geographic centers of growth within the Church.
Despite its recent turbulent financial crises, the Church may have finally found a place of positive outlook for its future.
盡管近年來經歷了動盪的財務危機，教會可能終於找到了未來發展的積極前景。
49:04
There are nearly a thousand men, most celibate, who live and work together and wield not only great earthly power, but who believe, for the most part, that they have inherited divine rights and safeguarding the one and true Church.
In the end, they are human, hobbled by the same frailties and shortcomings, common to the rest of us.
最終，他們也是人，與我們其他人一樣，受到相同的脆弱和缺點所困擾。
49:26
The Vatican will always be a unique presence in the world. Throughout its recent history, by embracing capitalism, the Church has engaged in many predatory practices that go against the Catholic faith.
