It is the year of 1823, Joseph Smith claims he's received a revelation from God.
1823年，約瑟夫·史密斯聲稱他從上帝那裡得到了啟示。
00:12
A new scripture, written in an ancient language, etched into golden plates buried in a New York hillside.
一部新經文，以古老語言寫成，刻在埋藏於紐約山坡下的金頁片上。
00:21
But revelations don't print themselves.
但啟示不會自行印刷。
00:24
He needs money to print the books, lots of money.
他需要錢來印刷這些書，很多錢。
00:27
But the problem is, no one wants to bankroll a profit, with no congregation, no credibility, and no cash.
但問題是，沒有人願意資助一個沒有信眾、沒有信譽、也沒有現金的先知。
00:35
That's when Martin Harris steps forward.
就在那時，馬丁·哈里斯挺身而出。
00:38
Harris is a farmer.
哈里斯是個農夫。
00:40
He's seen Joseph at work.
他看過約瑟夫工作。
00:42
He's heard the words, and he's all in.
他聽過那些話，並且全力投入。
00:46
Against his wife's protests, against his community's ridicule, Harris mortgages his farm 240 acres of hard-earned land to secure the $3,000, a fortune in 1830.
Even though Martin eventually lost the land, becomes destitute, the books are finally printed, the message spreads, and from that sacrifice, a movement is born.
For nearly 200 years, the Mormon Church has been preaching salvation, family, and eternal life.
近200年來，摩爾門教會一直在宣揚救贖、家庭和永生。
01:23
But behind the sermons lies a financial empire, few outsiders truly grasp.
但在佈道背後，卻是一個鮮為外人所知的金融帝國。
01:29
With hundreds of billions of dollars in investment funds and vast real estate holdings stretching from farmland to Wall Street, this church has become one of the richest religious institutions on earth.
A former investment manager for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints says that the organization stockpiled more than $100 billion in funding intended for charity work, but never spent it on such projects.
To take money out of your hard-earned paycheck so the church can buy more Amazon stock, I think that's a really, really tough equation for people to make.
By 1832, Joseph Smith has a growing church, converts are coming in, but revelation alone doesn't pay the bills.
到了1832年，約瑟夫·史密斯擁有一個不斷發展的教會，皈依者不斷湧入，但單靠啟示並不能支付開銷。
02:57
He needs structure, he needs capital, so he creates something radical, the United Firm.
他需要結構，他需要資金，所以他創造了一個激進的東西——聯合公司（The United Firm）。
03:05
The United Firm owned and rented all back then, a bishop's storehouse in Kirtland, a tennery, a mercantile shop, some land speculation deals, and even a printing press to share the gospel.
Smith commands a loyal militia, he owns land, controls politics, even hints at a run for U.S. president.
史密斯指揮著一支忠誠的民兵，擁有土地，控制政治，甚至暗示要競選美國總統。
04:42
But inside the church, cracks begin to show.
但在教會內部，裂痕開始顯現。
04:46
Joseph Smith set himself up as the mayor of the town.
約瑟夫·史密斯自封為鎮長。
04:49
This gave concern to the surrounding areas.
這引起了周邊地區的關注。
04:53
People were worried, here's this odd cult group led by this man that the community thought was kind of crazy, that are raising this army, and they all vote as a bloc.
So they could go to politicians and make deals on, I can deliver so many thousands of votes, what are you going to do for me?
所以他們可以去找政治家，談判說，我能提供數千張選票，你能為我做什麼？
05:12
There were many things that gave people concern about the Mormons.
有許多事情讓人們擔心摩門教。
05:17
Former insiders accuse him of corruption, of secret polygamy, of using revelation as a weapon.
前內部人士指控他腐敗、秘密一夫多妻制、利用啟示作為武器。
05:24
They publish a paper, the Nauvoo expositor, to expose it all.
他們出版了一份報紙，諾伍揭發者，來揭露一切。
05:31
Smith responds with fire, he declares the paper a threat to public safety, orders the printing press destroyed.
史密斯以火回應，他宣稱這份報紙對公共安全構成威脅，下令摧毀印刷機。
05:46
Illinois explodes, citizens see it as a declaration of war on the First Amendment, anti-Mormon rage surges.
伊利諾州爆發了，公民認為這是對第一修正案的宣戰，反摩門教的憤怒湧現。
05:54
Governor Thomas Ford calls for Smith's arrest on charges of inciting a riot.
州長托馬斯·福特以煽動暴亂的罪名要求逮捕史密斯。
05:59
Smith flees, then returns, hoping to calm the storm.
史密斯逃離，隨後返回，希望能平息風暴。
06:04
He never gets the chance.
他再也沒有機會。
06:13
Reading the last three months of Joseph's journal, one cannot escape the sense of events spiraling out of control.
閱讀約瑟夫最後三個月的日記，人們無法擺脫一種失控的感覺。
06:20
There were so many dissenters who were arrayed against him that it almost began to seem inevitable that something tragic was going to happen.
有太多反對者與他為敵，以致於似乎不可避免地會發生悲劇。
06:29
On June 27, 1844, the mob comes just after 5 p.m., faces blackened, guns loaded.
1844年6月27日，暴民在下午5點剛過不久蜂擁而至，臉上塗黑，槍支上膛。
06:39
They storm the stairwell, shouting vengeance.
他們衝上樓梯，高喊復仇。
06:47
Joseph steps back, heart racing, draws a smuggle pistol and fires three rounds down the hall.
約瑟夫後退，心跳加速，拔出一把走私手槍，向走廊射出三發子彈。
06:53
Two men stagger, another falls, but there are too many.
兩人踉蹌，另一人倒下，但敵人太多。
06:58
As bullets rip through the door, Joseph rushes the window, a shot tears into his back.
子彈穿過門板，約瑟夫衝向窗戶，一發子彈擊中他的背部。
07:05
Another hits his chest, he stumbles forward, falls from the second floor, and crashes onto the earth below, lifeless.
另一發擊中胸口，他踉蹌向前，從二樓墜下，重重摔在地上，氣絕身亡。
07:18
The founder of the Mormon faith dies with a bullet in his back and a pistol in his hand.
摩門教的創始人死時，背部中彈，手中握著手槍。
07:31
After Joseph Smith is gunned down, chaos follows.
約瑟夫·史密斯被槍殺後，混亂隨之而來。
07:35
The movement fractures with rival leaders battling for control and thousands of stunned followers looking for direction.
運動分裂，對立領袖爭奪控制權，數以千計的追隨者驚愕失措，尋求方向。
07:43
The church is still young, barely 14 years old, is centralized in Nauvoo, bevulnerable, surrounded by enemies and bleeding members by the weak.
教會仍然年輕，僅成立14年，總部設在諾伍，脆弱不堪，敵人環伺，成員流失嚴重。
07:53
After Joseph Smith's death, many believed the Mormon movement would collapse with him.
約瑟夫·史密斯去世後，許多人認為摩門運動將隨他而去。
08:00
He hadn't named a clear successor.
他沒有指定明確的繼任者。
08:02
Outsiders thought it was over, even insiders weren't sure who, if anyone, could fill the void left by their prophet's brutal assassination.
外界認為一切都結束了，即使是內部人士也不確定是否有人能填補先知被暗殺後留下的空缺。
08:15
But one man rises up to step into that power vacuum.
但有一個人站出來，填補了這個權力真空。
08:18
Brigham Young is one of the twelve apostles, a former carpenter and self-made preacher, and now he's poised to seize control.
杨百翰是十二使徒之一，曾是木匠和自學成才的傳教士，如今他準備奪取控制權。
08:31
Brigham Young was born in 1801 in Vermont, into a large, struggling family.
杨百翰出生於1801年，在佛蒙特州一個大家庭中長大，家境貧寒。
08:37
He was a craftsman by trade, a painter, carpenter, and glacier, who spent his early life working with his hands, surviving on grit and resourcefulness.
他本是一名手藝人，身兼畫家、木匠和玻璃工，早年靠雙手勞動，憑藉堅毅和機智謀生。
08:48
When he encountered the Book of Mormon in 1832, it ignited something deep.
1832年，當他接觸到《摩門經》時，內心深處被點燃了某種東西。
08:54
He converted, and within just three years, rose to become one of the original twelve apostles of the church.
他皈依後，僅用三年時間便崛起，成為教會最初的十二使徒之一。
09:02
Brigham Young wasn't just another believer.
布里格姆·揚不只是普通的信徒。
09:04
He was a total operator.
他是一位全能的實幹家。
09:06
While others were caught up chasing revelations, he was the one handling the books, managing logistics, and building the church's foundation.
當其他人忙於追求啟示時，是他在管理帳目、協調後勤，並奠定教會的基礎。
09:14
And quietly, he became the go-to guy, the man who made things happen.
悄然間，他成為了關鍵人物，那個能成事的人。
09:20
After Joseph Smith's death, the church is barely holding together.
約瑟夫·斯密去世後，教會幾近分崩離析。
09:24
Leadership is fractured, followers are scattered, and the finances, crippled by debt and property loss, are hanging by a thread.
領導層四分五裂，信眾流離失所，財務因債務和財產損失而陷入絕境，命懸一線。
09:34
The threat is no longer abstract.
威脅不再是抽象的。
09:37
In Nauvoo, tensions with surrounding communities have reached a breaking point.
在諾伍市，與周邊社區的緊張關係已達到臨界點。
09:42
Mobs grow bolder, violence escalates, and the U.S. government turns a blind eye.
暴民變得更加肆無忌憚，暴力不斷升級，而美國政府卻視而不見。
09:50
Armed mobs circled the city.
武裝暴民包圍了這座城市。
09:52
The courts offered no protection.
法院未能提供任何保護。
09:54
Politically isolated and hated by their neighbors, it felt like just a matter of time before everything burned to the ground.
政治上孤立無援，且鄰里仇視，感覺一切隨時可能化為灰燼。
10:02
The saints aren't just unwelcome, they're unsafe.
這些聖徒不僅不受歡迎，更是身處險境。
10:06
Young realizes survival won't come through compromise or courts.
揚意識到，生存之道不在妥協或訴諸法庭。
10:11
It will come through retreat and reinvention.
而是要通過撤退和重塑。
10:15
He proposes something bold, a mass exodus into the frontier.
他提出了一個大膽的計劃：集體遷徙到邊疆地帶。
10:20
Not just a few families, but the entire church.
不是只有幾戶人家，而是整個教會。
10:23
The plan is unprecedented.
這個計劃是前所未有的。
10:27
Tens of thousands of men, women, and children begin packing up their lives, abandoning homes they built with their hands, and preparing for an uncharted journey westward across a thousand miles of wilderness, mountains, and desert.
Brigham Young knows the desert can't be conquered with prayer alone.
杨百翰知道，僅靠祈禱無法征服沙漠。
11:43
And soon Brigham Young sees an unprecedented opportunity glittering just beyond the horizon.
不久，杨百翰看到一個前所未有的機會在地平線上閃耀。
11:50
The California Gold Rush.
加州淘金熱。
12:03
In 1848, word spreads that gold has been discovered as Sutter's Mill.
1848年，消息傳開，在薩特的磨坊發現了黃金。
12:09
And within months, thousands begin flooding west in search of fortune.
幾個月內，數以千計的人開始湧向西部尋找財富。
12:15
This was a signal of it that transformed the landscape.
這是一個改變景觀的信號。
12:20
It transformed the demography of California in the west.
它改變了加州和西部的人口結構。
12:23
And what could argue was a seismic shift in American history of the mid-19th century.
可以說，這是美國19世紀中葉歷史上的一次重大轉變。
12:30
Young realizes that this could solve their financial problems for good.
楊意識到這可能永遠解決他們的財務問題。
12:35
While others chase fortune for themselves, Young flips the model.
當其他人為自己追求財富時，楊卻反其道而行。
12:39
He sends out handpicked Mormon men to mine gold, not for personal gain, but for the church.
他派出精挑細選的摩門教男子去採金，不是為了個人利益，而是為了教會。
12:48
They were known as the Mormon Battalion Veterans.
他們被稱為摩門教營的老兵。
12:51
Their mission was to dig for gold and send every bit of it back to Salt Lake.
他們的使命是挖掘黃金，並將所有黃金送回鹽湖城。
12:56
And they put it off.
他們開始行動。
12:57
We're talking tens of thousands of dollars in raw gold pouring into Brigham Young's hands.
我們說的是數以萬計的黃金流入布里格姆·楊的手中。
13:02
And the gold didn't just sit in a vault.
而這些黃金並沒有只是放在金庫裡。
13:04
It thundered missions, duck canals, and kept the whole sediment going.
它資助了傳教活動、運河建設，並維持了整個社區的運轉。
13:11
By 1856, the Mormons aren't just surviving.
到1856年，摩門教徒不僅僅是生存下來。
13:15
They're consolidating power in the desert.
他們在沙漠中鞏固了權力。
13:20
The saints are becoming self-sufficient, territorial, and dangerously unified.
聖徒們變得自給自足、領土化，並且危險地團結起來。
13:28
And this unity, this rising prosperity, draws attention.
而這種團結，這種不斷增長的繁榮，引起了注意。
13:32
Not just from neighbors, but from Washington.
不僅是鄰居，還有華盛頓。
13:36
The U.S. government starts to take notice.
美國政府開始注意到這一點。
13:38
What happens next will shock the entire nation.
接下來發生的事情將震驚整個國家。
13:47
By the fall of 1857, the Utah Territory simmers with fear and defiance.
到了1857年的秋天，猶他領地充滿了恐懼和反抗情緒。
13:54
The federal government has dispatched a full U.S. Army towards Salt Lake City.
聯邦政府已派遣一支完整的美國陸軍前往鹽湖城。
13:58
Convinced, the Brigham Young is leading a theocratic rebellion.
他們確信，布里格姆·揚正在領導一場神權政治的叛亂。
14:03
In response, Young declares martial law, cuts off key routes into the territory, and orders that no outsider be allowed, through Mormon-controlled land, without permission.
作為回應，揚宣布戒嚴，切斷進入該領地的關鍵路線，並下令未經許可，任何外人不得通過摩門教控制的土地。
14:19
At the worst possible moment, a party of 120 emigrants from Arkansas, the Baker Fancher party, passes through southern Utah, en route to California.
在最糟糕的時刻，一支來自阿肯色州的120名移民隊伍，貝克-范切爾隊，經過猶他南部，前往加州。
14:31
They're tired, unaware, and arrive in the wrong place at the wrong time.
他們疲憊不堪，毫無戒備，在錯誤的時間出現在錯誤的地點。
14:37
Rumors spread fast.
謠言迅速傳播。
14:39
Locals accuse them of blasphemy, pass violence against Mormons, even poisoning wells.
當地人指控他們褻瀆神明、對摩門教徒施暴，甚至下毒井水。
14:46
Whether any of it is true, no longer matters.
這些指控是否屬實，已經不再重要。
14:49
The group is soon surrounded by Mormon militia and their Paiute allies.
這群人很快被摩門教民兵和他們的派尤特盟友包圍。
14:56
A five-day standoff begins, then a white flag is raised, a promise is made.
一場為期五天的對峙開始，然後一面白旗被舉起，一個承諾被提出。
15:04
Surrender your weapons, and you'll be escorted to safety.
交出你們的武器，你們將被護送到安全地帶。
15:15
One by one, the emigrants are let out in small groups.
移民們一個接一個地被分成小組帶出來。
15:19
Men, women, then the older children, and executed, shot, stabbed, slaughtered.
男人、女人，然後是年長的孩子，被處決、槍殺、刺死、屠殺。
15:27
When the killing ends, only 17 children under eight remain alive.
當屠殺結束時，只有17名八歲以下的孩子倖存。
15:32
They are taken in by Mormon families.
他們被摩門教家庭收養。
15:40
Brigham Young later denies ordering the massacre.
布里格姆·揚後來否認下令進行這場屠殺。
15:44
But as his men, his stake presidents, his captains, who carry it out.
但他的手下、他的支聯會會長、他的隊長們，卻執行了這一命令。
15:50
The mountain meadows massacre haunted the church for generations.
山地草原屠殺事件多年來一直困擾著教會。
15:55
Even faithful members struggled with it.
即使忠實的教徒也難以接受這一事件。
15:58
It wasn't just a tragedy, it was a stain.
這不僅是一場悲劇，更是一個污點。
16:00
One they'd spend decades trying to explain, justify, or forget.
這個污點，他們將花費數十年試圖解釋、辯護或遺忘。
16:06
The massacre cements public suspicion that the Mormon church, behind his theology, is capable of ruthless violence.
這場屠殺加深了公眾的懷疑，即摩門教會在其神學背後，有能力進行殘酷的暴力行為。
16:20
In 1857, Brigham Young acted on an unverified rumor that a U.S. Army was coming to crush Mormons.
1857年，布里格姆·揚根據一則未經證實的謠言採取行動，稱美國軍隊即將前來鎮壓摩門教徒。
16:26
By the time the news reached him, it was already stale, but it still led to bloodshed.
當消息傳到他那裡時，已經過時了，但仍然導致了流血事件。
16:32
And the tragic part, it's not so different today.
而悲劇的部分在於，今天的情況並沒有太大不同。
16:35
We live in an age of speed, but not necessarily clarity.
我們生活在一個速度至上的時代，但不一定清晰。
16:39
Headlines are faster, louder, more divisive, but we're still working with partial information.
頭條新聞更快、更響亮、更具分裂性，但我們仍然只掌握部分信息。
16:46
That's why I've been using ground news.
這就是為什麼我一直在使用Ground News。
16:48
It's a site and app that shows you how different outlets, left, right, and center, cover the exact same story.
這是一個網站和應用程式，向你展示不同媒體——左派、右派和中間派——如何報導完全相同的故事。
16:54
You see bias ratings, ownership data, and even a blind spot feed showing what stories are being buried on your side of the political spectrum.
你可以看到偏見評級、所有權數據，甚至還有一個盲點饋送，顯示哪些故事在你所在的政治光譜中被埋沒。
17:03
With ground news, I could actually see how each headline was framing the issue and how those frames shape public perception.
通過Ground News，我實際上可以看到每個頭條如何框定問題，以及這些框定如何塑造公眾認知。
17:11
Take this recent story.
以最近的這則新聞為例。
17:13
Trump signs executive orders to boost nuclear energy.
特朗普簽署行政命令以促進核能發展。
17:17
Left-leaning outlets warned of gutting safety oversight.
左派媒體警告稱，這將削弱安全監管。
17:21
Right-leaning outlets called it a historic move to ensure energy dominance.
右派媒體則稱其為確保能源主導地位的歷史性舉措。
17:26
Same event.
同一事件。
17:28
Two realities.
兩種現實。
17:29
It's not about choosing sides.
這不是關於選邊站。
17:31
It's about seeing the full picture so you don't get manipulated by half of it.
而是關於看到全貌，以免被片面信息操縱。
17:35
If you're someone who values history, critical thinking, and seeing the full picture, ground news is worth checking out.
如果你是一個重視歷史、批判性思考和全面了解情況的人，Ground News 絕對值得一看。
17:42
You'll get 40% off the same vantage plan I personally use.
你將獲得與我個人使用的相同 Vantage 方案的 40% 折扣。
17:46
Just head to ground.news.
只需前往 ground.news。
17:52
By 1868, Brigham Young isn't just leading a church.
到 1868 年，布里格姆·楊不僅僅領導一個教會。
17:56
He's building a command economy.
他正在建立一個指令性經濟體系。
17:59
He launches the Zion's cooperative mercantile institution, the first department store chain in America.
他創辦了錫安合作商業機構，這是美國第一家連鎖百貨公司。
18:05
In the 1870s, he doubles down with the United Order, a radical communal system that aims to eliminate poverty through collective ownership.
在 1870 年代，他加倍推行「聯合秩序」，這是一個激進的公社制度，旨在通過集體所有制消除貧困。
18:16
On top of everything, Brigham Young was building up industries like he was on a divine mission.
除此之外，布里格姆·楊還在發展各種產業，彷彿他肩負神聖使命。
18:22
He sent his people out on what were essentially church business trips, the iron mission, the cotton mission, the sugar mission.
他派遣信徒們進行實質上的教會商務旅行，如鐵礦任務、棉花任務、糖業任務。
18:30
You name it.
應有盡有。
18:31
And the plan was simple.
而計劃非常簡單。
18:33
Quit depending on outsiders and make everything themselves.
不再依賴外人，一切自給自足。
18:37
And you know what?
你知道嗎？
18:38
It worked.
這奏效了。
18:40
But the real fuel is tithing.
但真正的動力來源是什一稅。
18:41
Ten percent of every believer's income flows to the church.
每個信徒收入的 10% 流向教會。
18:46
It's a voluntary in name, but spiritually mandatory.
這在名義上是自願的，但在精神上是強制性的。
18:50
By the late 1870s, Mormonism isn't a fringe movement anymore.
到 1870 年代末，摩門教不再是一個邊緣運動。
18:55
It's a theocratic economic powerhouse, fully integrated into Utah's commercial backbone.
它已成為一個神權經濟強國，完全融入猶他州的商業骨幹。
19:02
Banks, land, trade routes, and industry.
銀行、土地、貿易路線和工業。
19:05
They all orbit the church.
他們都圍繞著教會運轉。
19:07
And at the center, always, is Brigham Young, profit CEO, an undisputed king of the desert.
而中心永遠是布里格姆·楊，這位獲利首席執行官，無可爭議的沙漠之王。
19:17
A king that cannot escape his own mortality.
一位無法逃脫自身命運的國王。
19:29
By 1877, Brigham Young is 76 years old.
到1877年，布里格姆·楊已經76歲。
19:34
He's built a religion, an economy, and a kingdom in the desert.
他在沙漠中建立了一個宗教、一個經濟體和一個王國。
19:39
But age is catching up.
但歲月不饒人。
19:42
His health deteriorates through the summer.
他的健康在夏季逐漸惡化。
19:45
And on August 29th, he dies in Salt Lake City, surrounded by family and church leaders.
8月29日，他在鹽湖城去世，身邊圍繞著家人和教會領袖。
19:52
His death is seismic.
他的去世影響深遠。
19:55
For decades, Young was the church's prophet, governor, business leader, and military strategist.
數十年來，楊是教會的先知、州長、商業領袖和軍事策略家。
20:00
He ran it all.
他統籌一切。
20:03
Doctrine, commerce, territory.
教義、商業、領土。
20:08
Joseph Smith started the Mormon church, sure.
約瑟夫·史密斯創立了摩門教，確實如此。
20:12
But Brigham Young's the one who built it.
但布里格姆·楊才是真正建立它的人。
20:14
Smith had the visions, the doctrine.
史密斯有異象、有教義。
20:17
But after he died, it was Brigham who kept it alive, moved everyone west, and turned a scattered movement into a full-blown empire.
但在他去世後，是布里格姆讓教會存活下來，帶領大家向西遷移，將一個分散的運動轉變為一個完整的帝國。
20:26
Without him, it probably wouldn't have survived.
沒有他，教會可能無法存續。
20:28
After Brigham Young died, it wasn't about who could step up next.
布里格姆·楊去世後，問題不在於誰能接替他。
20:32
It was about who could hold together the empire has built.
而在於誰能維繫他所建立的帝國。
20:36
And things were about to get really messy for the Mormon church.
而摩門教會即將面臨一場巨大的混亂。
20:39
Big time.
大規模的。
20:43
The years after Brigham Young's death are anything but peaceful.
布里格姆·楊去世後的那些年，一切都不太平。
20:48
The federal government finally moves to crush Mormon power.
聯邦政府終於採取行動，要粉碎摩門教的勢力。
20:52
The Edmunds Tucker Act of 1887 strips the church of its assets and criminalizes polygamy.
1887年的《埃德蒙-塔克法案》剝奪了教會的資產，並將一夫多妻制定為犯罪。
21:00
So first, the Edmunds Tucker Act begins by dissolving the church, by dissolving the corporation.
首先，《埃德蒙-塔克法案》開始解散教會，解散這個法人組織。
21:05
It disincorporates the church.
它取消了教會的法人資格。
21:07
That's huge for the government to disincorporate a religion in America.
政府取消一個宗教在美國的法人資格，這是一件大事。
21:13
Then the government declares that they seize all church property over $50,000.
然後政府宣佈，他們沒收所有價值超過5萬美元的教會財產。
21:24
It came down like a sledgehammer, and the government went all in, taking away church properties, tossing polygamists in jail, and they even stripped the church of his legal status.
這就像一記重錘，政府全力出擊，沒收教會財產，將一夫多妻者關進監獄，甚至剝奪了教會的合法地位。
21:36
It was a full-blown crackdown.
這是一次全面的鎮壓。
21:39
At the same time, the church is trying to grow financially.
同時，教會正試圖在財務上成長。
21:42
It makes aggressive investments.
它進行了積極的投資。
21:46
In railroads, real estate, cattle, and mining.
在鐵路、房地產、牛和礦業方面。
21:55
But in 1893, the entire U.S. economy implodes.
但在1893年，整個美國經濟崩潰了。
22:00
The Panic of 1893.
1893年的恐慌。
22:03
The Panic of 1893 was a financial meltdown.
1893年的恐慌是一次金融崩潰。
22:07
Banks failed, businesses collapsed, and people lost jobs everywhere.
銀行倒閉，企業破產，到處有人失業。
22:10
It started with railroad bankruptcies and spread fast.
它始於鐵路破產，並迅速蔓延。
22:14
The stock market tanked, credit dried up, and a deep depression followed.
股市暴跌，信貸枯竭，隨之而來的是嚴重的蕭條。
22:20
For many Americans, it felt like the whole economy just fell off a cliff.
對許多美國人來說，這感覺就像整個經濟從懸崖上墜落。
22:26
As the financial market tumbles, the church's biggest gamble, Sterling Mining Company, goes bust.
隨著金融市場崩盤，教會最大的賭注——斯特林礦業公司破產。
22:33
The Sterling Mining and Milling Company was a high-stakes venture by the LDS Church in the 1890s, aiming to alleviate its mounting debts through gold mining in southern Nevada.
By 1899, the church had lost over $300,000 on the project.
到1899年，教會在該項目上損失了超過30萬美元。
22:53
Gold mining, a lot of the times, was just gambling.
很多時候，開採金礦只是賭博。
22:58
Out of options, the Mormon Church turns to its people.
走投無路，摩門教會轉向其信眾。
23:03
A church-wide tithing campaign begins.
教會範圍內的十一奉獻運動開始。
23:06
This time, it isn't just spiritual tradition.
這次，這不僅僅是精神傳統。
23:09
It's an economic survival plan.
這是一個經濟生存計劃。
23:12
Local bishops are instructed to re-emphasize the principle of paying 10% on all income.
當地主教被指示重新強調支付所有收入10%的原則。
23:18
But with money scarce, members donate whatever they can.
但由於錢財短缺，會員捐獻他們所能捐獻的。
23:22
Livestock, grain, labor, goods.
牲畜、穀物、勞動力、物品。
23:25
The church begins accepting in-kind tithing, warehousing food and supplies to support operations.
教會開始接受實物十一奉獻，儲存食物和物資以支持運營。
23:33
The campaign becomes a test of faith and loyalty.
這次運動成為信仰和忠誠的考驗。
23:37
Leaders push the message hard.
領導人強力推動這一訊息。
23:40
Pay your tithe, save the church.
繳納你的十一奉獻，拯救教會。
23:50
By the early 1900s, the worst of the crisis had passed.
到20世紀初，最嚴重的危機已經過去。
23:56
The books balance.
賬目平衡。
23:58
Half of its debts are paid.
一半的債務已經償還。
24:01
And you would think the church leaders have learned their lessons.
你會以為教會領導人已經吸取了教訓。
24:13
By 1918, Haber J. Grant takes the helm of the Mormon Church.
到1918年，哈伯·J·格蘭特接管了摩門教會。
24:20
Born in 1856, raised by a widowed mother, Grant was a self-made man.
格蘭特出生於1856年，由寡母撫養長大，是一位白手起家的人。
24:27
He built a career in insurance and finance, known for his business acumen and relentless work ethic.
他在保險和金融領域打造了自己的事業，以商業頭腦和堅韌的工作態度聞名。
24:34
By the time he becomes president of the church, he's already spent decades shaping his administrative machinery.
當他成為教會主席時，已經花了數十年時間塑造他的行政機構。
24:46
The warning twenties were a time period where old rules don't apply anymore.
20世紀20年代是一個舊規則不再適用的時代。
24:52
There are new technologies that are pushing the economy, creating all these new jobs and new investment opportunity.
新技術推動著經濟發展，創造了許多新的工作和投資機會。
25:00
Industry booms, stock soar, and across the country, institutions rush to stake their claim in the gold rush of the modern economy.
工業蓬勃發展，股票飆升，全國各地的機構紛紛爭相在現代經濟的淘金熱潮中佔有一席之地。
25:10
Grant is no different.
格蘭特也不例外。
25:13
He sees this as the time to expand the church's financial base.
他認為這是擴大教會財務基礎的時機。
25:18
Flush with optimism, he authorizes a series of new investments to modernize and grow the church's financial reach.
滿懷樂觀，他批准了一系列新的投資，以現代化並擴大教會的財務影響力。
25:27
One of those investments is a high-stakes bet, the Delray Salt Company.
其中一項投資是一場高風險的賭注——德爾雷鹽業公司。
25:32
Delray was out in the California wetlands, and the business model was simple.
德爾雷位於加州的濕地，其商業模式簡單明瞭。
25:36
Industrial salt production on a massive scale.
大規模的工業鹽生產。
25:39
They thought it could supply entire industries.
他們認為這可以供應整個行業。
25:42
But the operation quickly spirals, production costs, skyrocket, distribution fails, management falters, and the demand for salt tanks.
但運營很快失控，生產成本飆升，分銷失敗，管理不善，而鹽的需求卻下降。
25:53
The church pours in more money, hoping to save the investment, but it's no use.
教會投入更多資金，希望能挽救這項投資，但卻無濟於事。
26:01
By the late 1920s, the losses are undeniable.
到20世紀20年代末，損失已無法否認。
26:06
The entire investment is scrapped, written off as one of the most embarrassing financial failures in the church's history.
整個投資被廢棄，並被記錄為教會歷史上最令人尷尬的財務失敗之一。
26:14
It was the roaring twenties, and people thought the good times would never end, and the church wasn't above it all.
那時是20世紀20年代的繁榮時期，人們以為好日子永遠不會結束，而教會也未能免俗。
26:21
They got caught up in the same hype like everybody else.
他們和其他人一樣，被同樣的炒作所迷惑。
26:24
Despite all the talks of divine guidance, they got swept up in the same way of greed and optimism.
盡管一直談論神聖的指引，他們還是被同樣的貪婪和樂觀所席捲。
26:39
In October 1929, the American economy goes off a cliff.
1929年10月，美國經濟從懸崖跌落。
26:45
Sixteen and a half million shares of stock sold in a single day sold hopelessly, desperately, at any price.
單日內就有1650萬股股票絕望地、不計價格地拋售。
26:54
It's the forerunner of depression and crisis.
這是大蕭條和危機的前兆。
26:58
Fortune's vanish overnight.
財富一夜之間消失。
27:00
The era of fast, easy money ends in a heartbeat.
快速輕鬆賺錢的時代在轉瞬間結束。
27:04
And what follows is a reckoning.
接著而來的是一場清算。
27:07
The Mormon church is inspired.
摩門教會受到啟發。
27:10
They've just come off a decade of risky bets, speculative real estate, overconfidence built during the roaring twenties.
他們剛剛經歷了20年代繁榮時期的高風險投資、投機性房地產和過度自信的十年。
27:17
Reserves are thin.
儲備金匱乏。
27:19
Tithing dries up as members lose jobs, farms, and entire livelihoods.
一個自給自足的共同體系統，每個人都貢獻，每個人都被照顧。
27:24
By 1933, church revenue drops by more than a third.
你耕種農場，保管物資，填滿貨架，當你需要幫助時，系統會回饋你。
27:29
Most members now rely on government aid just to survive.
大多數教友現在依賴政府援助才能生存。
27:37
President Haber J. Grant sees what's coming.
哈伯·J·格蘭特會長預見了即將發生的事。
27:41
And he knows the church can't simply wait this out.
他知道教會不能僅僅等待度過難關。
27:45
In 1936, the church launches the welfare program, a bold, self-reliant alternative to government handouts.
1936年，教會推出了福利計劃，這是一個大膽的、自力更生的政府救濟替代方案。
27:54
The idea is simple.
這個想法很簡單。
27:56
Take care of your own.
照顧你自己的教友。
27:59
It was like Mormon socialism.
這就像摩門社會主義。
28:02
A self-contained communal system where everybody pushed in, everyone was cared for.
一個自給自足的共同體系統，每個人都貢獻，每個人都被照顧。
28:08
You worked the farms, kept the goods, stocked the shelves, and when you need help, the system give back.
你耕種農場，保管物資，填滿貨架，當你需要幫助時，系統會回饋你。
28:16
The Great Depression nearly breaks the church's finances.
大蕭條幾乎摧毀了教會的財務。
28:20
But instead of crumbling, they adapt.
但他們沒有崩潰，而是適應了。
28:23
And in the ashes of the crash, they build something no market can destroy.
在股災的廢墟中，他們建立了市場無法摧毀的東西。
28:28
A welfare system that runs on discipline, unity, and work.
一個以紀律、團結和工作為基礎的福利制度。
28:33
And more importantly, the church decides that, going forward, the church will never take on debt.
更重要的是，教會決定今後教會永遠不會負債。
28:41
The church made a hard rule.
教會制定了一條嚴格的規定。
28:43
No more debt, not a guideline, not a suggestion, a law.
不再負債，不是指引，不是建議，而是法律。
28:46
From that point on, if the church was going to build something, a temple, a meeting house, a welfare facility, it had to be paid for in full before they broke ground.
從那時起，如果教會要建造什麼，無論是聖殿、會堂還是福利設施，都必須在破土動工前全額支付。
28:58
By 1947, just a century after the exodus to Utah, the Mormon church crosses a massive milestone.
到1947年，也就是遷徙到猶他州的一個世紀後，摩門教會跨越了一個重大的里程碑。
29:06
One million members worldwide.
全球會員達到一百萬人。
29:09
In the 1950s, missionaries fan out across Latin America, Europe, Asia.
在1950年代，傳教士遍布拉丁美洲、歐洲和亞洲。
29:16
Chappell's rise from Mexico to the Philippines.
Chappell從墨西哥崛起到菲律賓。
29:20
The church becomes more than American.
教會不再僅僅是美國的。
29:22
It's a global institution.
它成為一個全球性的機構。
29:25
And with growth comes money.
隨著成長而來的是金錢。
29:28
Lots of it.
大量的金錢。
29:30
By the 1960s, the church is no longer just financially stable.
到1960年代，教會不再僅僅是財務穩定。
29:34
It's rich.
它變得富有。
29:35
It's financial strategy shifts from survival to investment.
它的財務策略從生存轉向投資。
29:40
Funds are poured into blue chip stocks, real estate, and industrial assets.
資金被投入藍籌股、房地產和工業資產。
29:45
The church takes positions in giants like Sears and Westinghouse.
教會在像西爾斯和西屋這樣的大公司中持有股份。
29:49
Overseeing this new financial era is Nathan Elden Tanner, a former Canadian politician turned church statesman.
監管這個新金融時代的是內森·埃爾登·坦納，一位前加拿大政治家，後來成為教會的政治家。
29:58
Tanner wasn't your typical church leader.
坦納不是典型的教會領袖。
30:00
He was a financial operator.
他是一位金融操盤手。
30:02
Clean and simple.
乾淨利落。
30:02
He came in, modernized the whole system, set up corporate structures, and began to run the church like a Fortune 500 company.
他進來後，將整個系統現代化，建立了企業架構，並開始像經營財富500強公司一樣經營教會。
30:13
Behind the polished image, behind the balance sheets and growth charts, something darker is brewing.
在光鮮的形象背後，在資產負債表和成長圖表背後，有更黑暗的事情正在醞釀。
30:20
A crisis the church never saw coming.
一場教會從未預見的危機。
30:23
And as the church braces for growth in 1985, something explosive is about to happen.
當教會在1985年準備迎接成長時，一件爆炸性的事件即將發生。
30:35
In 1985, Salt Lake City feels stable.
1985年，鹽湖城看起來穩定。
30:39
The church is growing.
教會正在成長。
30:41
The books are balanced.
帳目平衡。
30:42
Investments are humming.
投資運作良好。
30:46
Then a bomb goes off.
然後一枚炸彈爆炸了。
30:51
A package explodes in a downtown office building.
一個包裹在市中心的辦公大樓中爆炸。
30:54
Stephen Christensen, a well-known document collector and devout Latter-day Saint, is killed instantly.
史蒂芬·克里斯滕森，一位知名的文件收藏家和虔誠的後期聖徒，當場死亡。
31:02
Hours later, another bomb, this time at a suburban home.
數小時後，另一枚炸彈，這次是在郊區的一棟房子裡。
31:08
Cathy Sheets, an innocent housewife, is torn apart by shrapnel meant for her husband.
凱西·希茨，一位無辜的家庭主婦，被本應針對她丈夫的彈片撕裂。
31:24
And both victims are tied to the same man, Mark Hoffmann.
而兩名受害者都與同一個人有關，馬克·霍夫曼。
31:31
Hoffmann was church's go-to rare document dealer.
霍夫曼是教會的指定稀有文件交易商。
31:35
His job was finding and authenticating early Mormon papers, lost diaries, forgotten journals, anything tied to the Mormon's origin.
他的工作是尋找和驗證早期摩門教文件、遺失的日記、被遺忘的期刊，任何與摩門教起源有關的東西。
31:45
He was young, quiet, and brilliant.
他年輕、安靜、聰明絕頂。
31:48
He kept turning up rare documents that nobody else could find.
他不斷發現其他人無法找到的稀有文件。
31:52
Letters, diaries, and early Mormon revelations.
信件、日記和早期摩門教的啟示。
31:57
And then the Salamander letter.
然後是《蠑螈信》。
32:02
The Salamander letter depicts Joseph Smith being led to the golden plates by a magical white salamander.
《蠑螈信》描述約瑟夫·史密斯被一隻神奇的白色蠑螈引領到金頁片。
32:07
The church is rattled, but it buys the document, hoping to control the damage, quietly, carefully.
教會感到不安，但還是買下了這份文件，希望能悄悄地、謹慎地控制損害。
32:14
What no one knows is that Hoffmann forged it.
沒有人知道的是，霍夫曼偽造了它。
32:18
He forged everything.
他偽造了一切。
32:21
He creates fakes using aged paper, homemade ink, and chemical tricks to fool even the best historians.
他使用陳舊的紙張、自製的墨水和化學技巧來欺騙即使是最優秀的歷史學家。
32:29
The deals get bigger.
交易變得越來越大。
32:31
The lies grow deeper.
謊言變得越來越深。
32:33
And soon, the walls close in.
不久，牆壁開始合攏。
32:37
Hoffmann is drowning in debt.
霍夫曼深陷債務之中。
32:39
His fakes are catching up.
他的偽造品開始敗露。
32:43
So he builds bombs, kills two people.
於是他製造炸彈，殺了兩個人。
32:46
And on the third day, he detonates one more, in his own car.
第三天，他在自己的車裡引爆了另一枚炸彈。
32:54
The blast almost kills him.
爆炸幾乎要了他的命。
32:57
A bomb exploded in a car near the Mormon temple today, critically injuring a 31-year-old researcher who helped acquire a document that challenges accounts of early church history.
Two people killed in similar bombings Tuesday were also connected with the acquisition of the document.
周二在類似的炸彈襲擊中喪生的兩人也與該文件的獲得有關。
33:13
He survives, barely.
他勉強活了下來。
33:16
But now the truth unravels fast.
但現在真相迅速揭開。
33:19
A police search uncovers a hidden workshop, complete with acid baths, ink recipes, and piles of forged documents.
警方搜查發現一個隱藏的作坊，內有酸浴、墨水配方和大量偽造文件。
33:27
Everything, from George Washington's signatures to Mormon's scripture, was fake.
從喬治·華盛頓的簽名到摩門教的經文，一切都是假的。
33:33
A dealer in rare Mormon church historical documents was charged today with first-degree murder in booby trap bombings that killed a bishop and the wife of another bishop last October.
The 1985 bombings leave the Mormon church shaken to its core.
1985年的炸彈事件讓摩門教震驚到核心。
33:53
The church had been duped by one of its own.
教會被自己人欺騙了。
33:57
Its judgment, its records, its story, all questioned.
它的判斷、記錄、故事，全都受到質疑。
34:03
But by the early 1990s, the page begins to turn.
但到了1990年代初，局勢開始轉變。
34:08
The church moves fast to rewrite the narrative.
教會迅速行動，重寫敘事。
34:12
Temples are announced across South America, Africa, and Asia.
在南美洲、非洲和亞洲宣布建造聖殿。
34:17
Membership surges past 10 million.
會員人數激增至超過1000萬。
34:20
There are now more Mormons than members of the Presbyterian church or the Episcopal church.
現在摩門教徒的人數超過長老會或聖公會的會員。
34:26
Two pillars of the religious establishment.
這兩個是宗教機構的支柱。
34:29
And no other major American religious group is so generously supported by its followers.
沒有其他主要美國宗教團體能得到信徒如此慷慨的支持。
34:37
But then, the church has its eyes set on something much bigger.
但教會的目標更遠大。
34:43
By the mid-1990s, the church sees an opportunity, not just for itself, but for the entire city.
到了1990年代中期，教會看到一個機會，不僅對自己，而且對整個城市。
34:51
The 2002 Winter Olympics.
2002年冬季奧運會。
34:53
For the Mormon church, hosting the games wasn't about sports.
對摩門教來說，主辦奧運會不是為了體育。
34:57
It was about image.
而是為了形象。
34:58
It was their chance to show the world that we're not on the fringes anymore.
這是他們向世界展示不再處於邊緣的機會。
35:03
They began to get accepted by the mainstream.
他們開始被主流社會接受。
35:07
For a faith-born in persecution, winning the Olympics would be a global baptism, a sign they've made it.
對於一個在迫害中誕生的信仰來說，贏得奧運會將是一場全球性的洗禮，象徵著他們已經成功。
35:15
But the bid isn't locked in yet.
但申辦還沒有確定。
35:18
There's competition with bigger and flashier cities, like Quebec and Seon Switzerland, and Utah's relatively small and culturally isolated compared to them.
面臨著更大、更華麗的城市的競爭，比如魁北克和瑞士的錫永，而猶他州相對較小且文化上較為孤立。
35:28
The church has done everything it can.
教會已經盡了一切努力。
35:30
Now, with the bid submitted and the world watching, it waits.
現在，申辦書已經提交，全世界都在關注，他們等待著。
35:39
1995. The vote is in.
1995年。投票結果出來了。
35:43
What international Olympic Committee has decided.
國際奧林匹克委員會的決定。
35:48
Salt Lake City was awarded the 2002 Winter Olympics.
盐湖城獲得了2002年冬季奧運會的主辦權。
35:52
To the city of Salt Lake.
致盐湖城。
35:56
Over the next seven years, the city transforms.
在接下來的七年裡，這座城市發生了翻天覆地的變化。
36:00
$1.9 billion in infrastructure upgrades.
19億美元用於基礎設施升級。
36:04
1,400 snow guns installed.
安裝了1,400台造雪機。
36:07
Four new light rail lines were built.
建造了四條新的輕軌線路。
36:10
The Olympic village was constructed from scratch.
奧運村從零開始建造。
36:13
23 venues prepped and tested.
23個場館進行了準備和測試。
36:16
Over 3.5 million tickets sold worldwide.
全球售出超過350萬張門票。
36:20
But this isn't just a city operation.
但這不僅僅是一個城市的運作。
36:23
This is a church-backed operation.
這是一個由教會支持的運作。
36:28
The Mormon Church ruled out thousands of volunteers.
摩門教會排除了數千名志願者。
36:31
Lots of them missionaries who spoke 20 different languages.
其中許多是會說20種不同語言的傳教士。
36:35
This spruced up Temple Square, beefed out security.
這讓聖殿廣場煥然一新，並加強了安全措施。
36:38
Behind the scenes, the church leaders worked closely with the city planners, tweaking everything from signs to ceremonies to set the perfect tone.
在幕後，教會領袖與城市規劃者密切合作，從標誌到儀式，一切都進行微調，以營造完美的氛圍。
36:49
And then, on February 8, 2002, the games begin.
然後，在2002年2月8日，運動會開始了。
37:03
2,400 athletes from 77 countries arrive.
來自77個國家的2,400名運動員抵達。
37:08
The games go off with a mechanical precision.
運動會以機械般的精確度進行。
37:11
Zero major incidents, maximum global visibility.
零重大事件，最大限度的全球曝光。
37:20
After the spotlight of the 2002 Winter Olympics, the church rides a wave of global attention.
在2002年冬季奧運會的聚光燈下，教會乘著全球關注的浪潮。
37:28
And it doesn't fade.
而且這股熱潮並未消退。
37:32
From 2002 to 2008, membership grows steadily, relentlessly.
從2002年到2008年，會員數量穩步、不斷地增長。
37:39
11 million becomes nearly 14, signaling a religion not just surviving, but expanding with precision.
1100萬增長到近1400萬，標誌著一個不僅僅是生存，而是精確擴張的宗教。
37:49
The church may have experienced years of steady growth.
教會可能經歷了多年的穩步增長。
37:52
But behind the numbers, a crisis is quietly brewing.
但在數字背後，一場危機正在悄然醞釀。
37:57
Lehman Brothers announced third-quarter losses of nearly $4 billion this morning.
雷曼兄弟今晨宣布第三季度損失近40億美元。
38:02
Wall Street, in turn, punished the stock with a 75% decline this week alone.
華爾街隨之對該股進行懲罰，僅本周就下跌了75%。
38:06
There is a whole lot of fear in this market right now.
目前市場中充滿了恐懼。
38:09
Fear that the next shoot at drop in the mortgage mess will be the collapse of yet another financial giant.
恐懼下一輪抵押貸款危機將導致另一家金融巨頭的倒閉。
38:17
In 2008, the world is thrown into chaos.
2008年，世界陷入混亂。
38:21
Markets crash, banks fail, and the global economy teeters on the edge.
市場崩盤，銀行倒閉，全球經濟瀕臨崩潰。
38:27
For the Mormon church, which has long embraced capitalism and reap the rewards of steady investment, it is not immune to the shock.
對於長期擁抱資本主義並從穩健投資中獲利的摩門教會來說，它並非免疫於這次衝擊。
38:38
Beneficial life insurance, a church owned for profit insurance company, starts to bleed.
由教會擁有的營利性保險公司——利益人壽保險開始出現虧損。
38:45
Beneficial life was founded back in 1905. It's fully owned by the church.
利益人壽保險成立於1905年，完全由教會擁有。
38:51
And for decades, it was known as this model of discipline, conservative and stable, and it served church members mostly, and it rarely took big risks.
幾十年來，它以紀律嚴明、保守穩健著稱，主要服務教會成員，且很少承擔大風險。
39:02
But when the 2008 crash hit, even they got caught in the fallout.
但當2008年金融危機來襲時，即使是他們也未能倖免。
39:07
Portfolios tanked and cash dried up.
投資組合暴跌，現金流枯竭。
39:11
Letting the company collapse would shatter the myth of Mormon financial invincibility.
讓公司倒閉將粉碎摩門教會金融無敵的神話。
39:17
That can't happen. Not now, not ever.
這絕不能發生，現在不能，永遠不能。
39:21
Even if it means pouring hundreds of millions into a sinking ship just to keep the facade intact.
即使意味著要向這艘沉船注入數億資金，也要維持表面的完整。
39:27
So, the church bailed it out.
於是，教會出手救援。
39:30
Roughly $600 million was used to save this company.
大約6億美元被用來拯救這家公司。
39:34
We only knew about this years later, but at the time, there was no press release, no announcement.
我們直到多年後才知道這件事，但當時沒有新聞稿，沒有公告。
39:40
This incident really showed how deep-pocketed the church really is.
這件事真正展示了教會的財力之雄厚。
39:51
Membership has 15 million by 2013.
到2013年，教會成員達到1500萬。
39:55
Missionary surge passed 85,000 after the church lowers the serving age in 2012.
在教會於2012年降低傳教服務年齡後，傳教士人數激增至85,000人。
40:02
The church is now in nearly every country that will have them.
教會現在幾乎進入每一個願意接受他們的國家。
40:07
And behind the scenes, the financial machine keeps churning.
在幕後，這台金融機器持續運轉。
40:12
By the early 2000s and 10s, the church plans something extraordinary.
到2000年代早期和2010年代，教會計劃了一個非凡的項目。
40:17
A luxury shopping complex in the heart of Salt Lake City.
在鹽湖城中心的一個豪華購物綜合體。
40:20
The City Creek Center.
城市溪中心。
40:23
If completed, this mall will reshape downtown, draw in high-end retailers, and transform Temple Square into a polished symbol of modern Mormonism.
如果完成，這個購物中心將重塑市中心，吸引高端零售商，並將聖殿廣場打造成現代摩門教的精緻象徵。
40:35
But not everyone likes the idea.
但並非所有人都喜歡這個想法。
40:38
A central point of contention in the City Creek Project was the construction of a Skybridge over Main Street, designed to connect two sections of the shopping center.
城市溪流計劃的核心爭議點是主街上方的天橋建設，旨在連接購物中心的兩個部分。
40:49
It's going to funnel everybody between Crossroads and ZCMI.
它將把所有人都引導到十字路口和ZCMI之間。
40:53
It's going to not put people as much on Main Street.
這將使主街的人流減少。
40:56
The Skybridge is going to be a very negative.
天橋將帶來非常負面的影響。
40:59
It's a negative.
這是負面的。
41:01
Many critics oppose the Skybridge, fearing that it will create a literal and symbolic divide, cutting off access to public space, and giving the church even more control over the city's most visible corridor.
The church pours over $1.5 billion into downtown Salt Lake, building the high-end City Creek Mall across from Temple Square.
教會向鹽湖城市中心投入超過15億美元，在聖殿廣場對面建造高端的城市溪流購物中心。
41:29
A luxury retail fortress gleaming with fountains and Tiffany and Company.
這是一座奢華的零售堡壘，閃耀著噴泉和蒂芙尼公司的光芒。
41:41
The critics could hardly wrap their heads around this.
批評者幾乎無法理解這一切。
41:45
The size, the speed, the massive amount of money poured in, it was mind-blowing.
規模、速度、投入的巨額資金，令人震驚。
41:51
The Mormon Church doesn't stop with the City Creek Project.
摩門教會並未止步於城市溪流計劃。
41:55
In 2013, they dropped half a billion dollars on nearly 400,000 acres in Florida.
2013年，他們在佛羅里達州投入5億美元購買近40萬英畝的土地。
42:02
An agricultural company owned by the LDS Church agreed Thursday to purchase 382,834 acres of timberland in the Florida Panhandle.
摩門教會擁有的一家農業公司週四同意購買佛羅里達州狹地地區的382,834英畝林地。
42:12
The St. Joe Company announced Thursday it will sell the land to Agresurves Incorporated, a tax-paying company owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints for $565 million.
St. Joe公司週四宣布，將以5.65億美元的價格將土地出售給Agresurves Incorporated，這是一家由耶穌基督後期聖徒教會擁有的納稅公司。
42:26
That is nearly 2% of the state.
這幾乎佔該州面積的2%。
42:31
Almost overnight, the Church is Florida's biggest private landowner.
一夜之間，教會成為佛羅里達州最大的私人土地所有者。
42:36
The numbers are climbing, the reserves are growing, and no one outside the inner circle really knows how much money the Church has or what is doing with it.
數字不斷攀升，儲備不斷增長，而圈外人實際上並不知道教會擁有多少錢，也不知道他們如何使用這些錢。
42:48
Not yet.
目前還沒有。
42:50
But soon, someone's going to talk.
但很快，有人會說出來。
42:58
For 100 years, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints built quietly.
一百年來，耶穌基督後期聖徒教會默默地發展。
43:04
No earnings reports, no financial disclosures, no public audits.
沒有盈利報告，沒有財務披露，沒有公開審計。
43:09
Just faith and tithing.
只有信仰和什一稅。
43:13
Nobody questioned where the money went.
沒有人質疑錢去了哪裡。
43:15
In this Church, trust was stronger than audit.
在這個教會裡，信任比審計更重要。
43:20
So members were under the assumption that a money went to help built temples, fund missions, help the poor, and prepare for Zion.
因此，會員們認為錢被用來建造聖殿、資助傳教、幫助窮人，並為錫安做準備。
43:31
But in 2019, a former insider does the unthinkable.
但2019年，一位前內部人士做了難以想像的事。
43:37
His name is David Nielsen, a lifelong Mormon, a former Wall Street investment analyst, and for nearly a decade, a senior manager at the Church's financial crown jewel, Ensign Peak Advisors.
Inside Ensign Peak, Nielsen helps manage the largest religious investment fund in the United States.
在恩賽峰內部，尼爾森幫助管理美國最大的宗教投資基金。
43:58
Maybe the world.
甚至可能是全世界最大的。
44:00
The number is unthinkable.
這個數字難以想像。
44:03
Over $100 billion.
超過1000億美元。
44:05
That's bigger than harvest endowment and the GDP of many countries, and hardly anyone outside a small group of Church leaders even knew it was there.
這比哈佛大學的捐贈基金還要大，甚至超過許多國家的GDP，而幾乎沒有人知道這筆錢的存在。
44:18
In late 2019, he files a whistleblower complaint with the Internal Revenue Service.
2019年底，他向國稅局提交了一份舉報信。
44:24
74 pages signed under penalty of perjury.
74頁的文件，在偽證罪的處罰下簽署。
44:28
It includes charts, documents, names, bank accounts, internal memos.
其中包括圖表、文件、姓名、銀行賬戶、內部備忘錄。
44:35
The case is surgical and damning.
這個案件精準且具有毀滅性。
44:38
David Nielsen says that during his nine years managing money at the Church firm, the value of its investments ballooned past $100 billion.
大衛·尼爾森表示，在教會公司管理資金的九年間，其投資價值暴漲至超過1000億美元。
44:47
That would make it the largest treasure held by any religious fund in America.
這將使其成為美國任何宗教基金持有的最大財富。
44:53
But instead of spending that money to do good, David Nielsen alleges it was used in ways that bent the law and broke his faith.
但大衛·尼爾森指控，這筆錢並未用於行善，而是以違法且違背其信仰的方式被使用。
45:00
Why'd you file the complaint with the IRS?
你為何向國稅局提出申訴？
45:03
This is too big a deal.
這件事影響太大。
45:06
This is important.
這很重要。
45:08
This is not an example for how we should be.
這不是我們應有的榜樣。
45:12
I couldn't fix things from inside.
我無法從內部改變現狀。
45:21
The Ensign Peak Advisors was formed in 1997 as a supporting organization.
Ensign Peak Advisors於1997年成立，作為一個支持組織。
45:27
It was not a department, not a ministry, but a legal tax exempt financial powerhouse.
它不是一個部門，也不是一個部會，而是一個合法的免稅金融巨頭。
45:35
Its sole purpose was to manage the Church's long-term reserve funds.
其唯一目的是管理教會的長期儲備基金。
45:40
The creation of Ensign Peak was never publicly announced.
Ensign Peak的成立從未公開宣布。
45:44
It operated out of an ordinary building in Salt Lake City with a little to identify it.
它在鹽湖城的一棟普通建築中運作，幾乎沒有任何標識。
45:49
The Church brought in top-notch pros, Wall Street managers, investment analysts and financial strategists.
教會聘請了頂尖專業人士，包括華爾街經理、投資分析師和財務策略師。
45:57
It was like a high-powered asset management firm, all under religious ownership.
它就像一家高效的資產管理公司，完全由宗教機構擁有。
46:05
By 2019, they have amassed over $100 billion in assets, more than most sovereign wealth funds.
到2019年，他們已累積超過1000億美元的資產，超過大多數主權財富基金。
46:13
But no one outside the top church leadership knew this entity even existed.
但除了教會高層領導外，沒有人知道這個實體的存在。
46:18
That carefully constructed facade begins to crumble when an insider steps forward and blows the whistle to the SEC.
當一名內部人士站出來向證券交易委員會舉報時，這個精心構建的門面開始崩塌。
46:29
SEC investigators found the Church went to great lengths to hide $32 billion in securities over nearly 20 years.
證券交易委員會的調查人員發現，教會在近20年內竭力隱瞞了320億美元的證券。
46:38
The Church responds with careful language.
教會以謹慎的措辭回應。
46:42
They claim it's a rainy day fund that nothing illegal was done, that they follow the law.
他們聲稱這是一筆應急資金，沒有做任何違法的事，他們遵守法律。
46:47
They called the fund a preparation for the second coming of Jesus Christ.
他們稱這筆資金是為耶穌基督再臨做準備。
46:52
And they kept it hush-hush for a reason, that if members knew how massive it was, they might have stopped tithing 10% of their income.
他們保密是有原因的，如果會眾知道這筆資金有多龐大，他們可能會停止捐獻收入的10%。
47:03
The Church uses 13 shell companies, each registered to a different address, each holding a piece of the equity portfolio.
教會使用了13家空殼公司，每家註冊在不同的地址，每家持有一部分股權投資組合。
47:12
It created 13 shell companies that were assigned a local phone number that would go directly to voicemail.
他們創建了13家空殼公司，每家都分配了一個當地的電話號碼，直接轉到語音信箱。
47:19
In case regulators checked in.
以防監管機構來查。
47:23
All to avoid reporting that Ensign Peak, and therefore the Church, controls tens of billions in the U.S. stock market.
所有這一切都是為了避免報告恩賽峰（Ensign Peak）及教會控制著美國股市數百億美元的資產。
47:32
They own shares in major companies like Apple, Google, Exxon, Amazon.
他們持有蘋果、谷歌、埃克森美孚、亞馬遜等大公司的股份。
47:41
The verdict comes down in 2023.
2023年，判決結果出爐。
47:44
The Church and Ensign Peak settle.
教會和恩賽峰達成和解。
47:47
They agree to pay $5 million in fines.
他們同意支付500萬美元的罰款。
47:51
The Securities and Exchange Commission has fined the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and its investment portfolio manager Ensign Peak Advisors $5 million.
美國證券交易委員會對耶穌基督後期聖徒教會及其投資組合經理恩賽峰顧問公司處以500萬美元的罰款。
48:06
After the whistleblower scandal and the SEC's $5 million fine, the LDS Church responds, as it always has.
在吹哨者醜聞和證交會的500萬美元罰款之後，後期聖徒教會做出了回應，一如既往。
48:13
Tightening his grip, controlling the narrative, and moving on.
加強控制，掌握話語權，然後繼續前進。
48:18
By 2024, the Church isn't just intact, it's thriving.
到2024年，教會不僅完好無損，而且蓬勃發展。
48:24
Membership climbs past $17.5 million, 308,000 new converts, nearly 75,000 full-time missionaries, 194 temples in operation, with nearly 400 total or under construction.
