Insurance. Wow, that was—that was probably one of my more exciting words to start this video with.
保險。哇，這可能是我開始這支影片時，最令人興奮的詞彙之一了。
00:08
So we're gonna talk about insurance today, and I promise I'm gonna do my best to make this really interesting.
所以我們今天要來談談保險，我保證我會盡全力讓這變得非常有趣。
00:15
Maybe, but if you want to learn how insurance works, stay tuned because that's what we're talking about.
或許吧，但如果你想了解保險是如何運作的，請務必收看，因為這就是我們要討論的內容。
00:22
But back to the video.
不過回到影片本身。
00:24
Insurance, it's the annoying necessity that we all pay for to make sure we don't end up in massive amounts of debt if our house burns down, if we crash our car, or if something tragic happens.
Insurance helps us maintain peace of mind knowing that even if something bad does happen, someone else is going to pay for what it costs to fix it. Though, to an untrained eye, this can be a little perplexing.
I mean, if you pay two hundred dollars a month for home insurance and, after only six months, your home burns down, the insurance company will buy you a new house.
Likely in the matter of hundreds of thousands of dollars.
價格可能高達數十萬美元。
01:01
But you would have only given them twelve hundred dollars. Why would they do that? That's the power of insurance, baby!
但你只付給他們一千兩百美元。他們為什麼要這麼做？這就是保險的威力，寶貝！
01:12
The basic concept of insurance is that a company, the insurer, offers a guarantee for a certain risk that may or may not occur. Then another party, the insured, pays the insurer in exchange for protection against that risk. When a bunch of people do the same thing for the same risk,
eventually the insurer is getting a lot of income.
保險人最終會獲得大量收入。
01:34
But the probability of that risk happening is spread out among a bunch of people and stays about the same.
但該風險發生的機率會分散在一群人之中，並保持大致相同。
01:41
Insurance companies make money by figuring out how much money they need to bring in to turn a profit on a given risk with a given probability. That calculation then influences how much each of the insured pays each month, in general.
It's simple math, but in actuality, insurance companies have highly complex models for all of this.
這是很簡單的數學，但實際上，保險公司針對這一切都有非常複雜的模型。
02:04
Not every insurance company offers the same insurance.
並非每家保險公司都提供相同的保險。
02:08
Most insurance companies will specialize in their own kind of insurance.
大多數保險公司會專注於他們自己的保險種類。
02:12
This is because each company has to develop a complex model to ensure that they can make money—ensuring a profit—if you estimated that one in 100 houses burned down each year, but it was actually five in 100.
Then you'd be losing money pretty fast if you insured those houses.
那麼如果你為這些房子提供保險，你很快就會虧錢。
02:30
You'd probably charge too little for everyone's insurance and then end up on the hook for those four extra houses.
你可能會向每個人收取過低的保險費，結果卻要為那四額外的房子承擔責任。
02:37
There are many types of insurance companies—from auto to health to life to homeowners.
保險公司有很多種類——從汽車險、健康險、人壽險到房屋險都有。
02:42
Most people in the world have these core insurance policies.
世界上大多數人都擁有這些核心的保險單。
02:45
Some of which are legally required to be held, like auto insurance.
其中有些是法律規定必須購買的，例如汽車保險。
02:50
You might be wondering, though, why wouldn't you just want to save your money each month, get to hold on to it in a bank account?
你可能在想，為什麼不直接把每個月的錢存起來，放在銀行帳戶裡就好？
02:56
Then, if nothing bad ever happens, you have a lot more money.
這樣如果什麼壞事都沒發生，你就能存下更多的錢。
02:59
Well, while that may be true, it makes you the one exposed to the risk. If you put away $200 a month for a year to save on home insurance, you'll have an extra $2,400 at the end of the year.
However, if your house burns down the next year, well, then you're going to be out the few hundred thousand dollars that it's going to take to fix it—a pretty bad deal.
然而，如果你的房子隔年燒毀了，那你將會損失數十萬美元的重建費用——這實在是太划不來了。
03:22
Is that a risk you're willing to take?
你願意冒這個險嗎？
03:25
Chances are it isn't—that's why getting insurance is generally a good thing.
大概不願意——這就是為什麼購買保險通常是件好事。
03:30
It takes all of the risk and anxiety and financial burden off of you and puts it on to a much larger company that can afford it.
它將所有的風險、焦慮和財務負擔從你身上移除，轉移到一個更有能力承擔的大型公司身上。
03:38
When you understand insurance as just a way of paying a company to assume your risk, you can start understanding that insurance could, in theory, be offered on virtually anything—anything!
當你理解保險只是付錢請公司來承擔你的風險時，你就會明白理論上保險可以應用在任何事物上——任何事物！
03:51
Are you worried that while you're toasting a cinnamon raisin bagel, your toaster will overheat one of the raisins, causing it to burst into a spontaneous plasma and destroy your entire pantry full of stockpile bags of lucky charms and baked beans?
Well, that's oddly specific, but someone could probably insure you for that exact thing.
嗯，這描述得非常具體，但或許真的有人願意為這種情況承保。
04:13
Likewise, maybe you're really attractive and worried that if you fall one time, you're going to hit your face, stop being attractive, and be depressed because no one will like you anymore.
同理，也許你長得非常好看，擔心如果跌倒一次，撞到臉，變醜了，然後因為沒人喜歡你了而感到憂鬱。
04:23
Well, somebody could probably ensure you against that, too.
嗯，或許也有人願意為這種情況承保。
04:27
too This isn't too far off of reality either. Celebrities will often have parts of their body insured because their image is a source of their income.
這離現實也不算太遠。名人經常為他們身體的某些部位投保，因為他們的形象是收入的來源。
04:36
There's a few more pieces to the puzzle here, though, and we should talk about reinsurance and insurance claims.
不過，這裡還有幾個關鍵點，我們應該談談再保險和理賠。
04:48
When an insurance company wants to buy insurance on their own insurance policies, well, then they buy something called reinsurance.
當保險公司想要為自己的保單購買保險時，他們會買一種叫做「再保險」的東西。
04:55
That is not a joke.
這可不是開玩笑的。
04:58
Say an insurance company realizes that they're overexposed to home fire insurance and a hot summer is coming up.
舉例來說，某家保險公司意識到他們在房屋火災保險上曝險過高，而且炎熱的夏天即將到來。
05:04
Well, they could take out reinsurance policies on their insurance policies to protect them from high losses in case all their houses they insured just burst into flames because global warming and whatnot.
Then all the risk is all on the reinsurance agency.
所以所有的風險就都落在再保險公司身上了。
05:20
This is a necessary thing to think if an insurance company insured everyone in Florida's cars.
如果一家保險公司承保了佛羅里達州所有人的汽車，這就是一個必須要考量的點。
05:26
But then a hurricane came through and destroyed all the cars.
但隨後一場颶風來襲，摧毀了所有的汽車。
05:29
Well, that insurance company may owe more in payouts than they have, and once they run out of money, well, then no one would get money for their destroyed car like they thought they would.
Reinsurance is necessary and important to ensure that insurance companies remain profitable and solvent to pay insured when there are claims.
再保險是必要且重要的，它能確保保險公司保持獲利並具備償付能力，以便在有理賠申請時支付給被保險人。
05:52
In terms of claims, the insurance company will investigate to make sure that you didn't intentionally crash your car to get the payout.
在理賠方面，保險公司會進行調查，以確保你不是故意撞毀你的車輛來騙取理賠金。
06:05
If they find out that you did do that, well, that's called fraud and you can go to jail.
如果他們發現你確實這麼做了，嗯，那這就叫做詐欺，你可能會因此入獄。
06:10
Faking insurance claims actually does happen quite frequently.
詐騙保險理賠的情況其實相當頻繁地發生。
06:14
People see it as a way to either get a big cash windfall if they're in hard times or get out of a car or house payment that they can't afford.
人們將其視為一種在困境中獲得一筆大額現金，或是擺脫無力負擔的車貸或房貸的方法。
06:21
However, car insurance agencies employ top-of-the-line investigators to make sure that they don't make faulty payouts.
然而，汽車保險公司會僱用頂尖的調查員，以確保他們不會支付有問題的理賠金。
06:28
So now you can likely see insurance is a big business.
所以現在你大概能看出保險是一門大生意了。
06:31
And if you have the right models, assume the right kinds of risk, and have good investigators to make sure that you're not defrauded, well, then you can make a lot of money.
