科技巨頭
2026年06月09日
Inside FIFA’s Race to Move Natural Grass to All 16 World Cup Stadiums | WSJ Tech Behind
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🤖 AI 重點摘要
- FIFA 正為 2026 年世界盃在美、加、墨的 16 個主場安裝天然草皮，需耗資數千萬美元。
- 因大多數場館原本是為 NFL 設計，必須進行草皮種植、運輸與安裝的客製化改造。
- WSJ 記錄了科學團隊如何在不同氣候與球場條件下培養、運送與鋪設草坪的完整流程。
- 這項工程不僅提升比賽品質，也可能成為未來體育場館草地設計的新標準。
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The 2026 World Cup is a massive undertaking with 104 matches in 16 stadiums across three countries.
2026 年世界盃是一項浩大的工程，將於 16 個球場館於三個國家舉行 104 場比賽。
>> It's the biggest football tournament on the planet that has ever happened.
>> 這是有史以來規模最大的足球賽事。
>> And one of the biggest challenges is creating consistent surfaces for the tournament to be played on.
>> 最大的挑戰之一是為比賽創造統一的場地表面。
>> FIFA requires a natural grass pitch.
FIFA 要求使用天然草坪。
That's the first and foremost.
這是首要的事。
It has to be natural grass.
必須是天然草。
>> But in many stadiums, installing natural grass has never been possible.
>> 但在許多球場，安裝天然草從未可能。 8. 美國所有場館皆為 NFL 球場，場地較小。 9. 而且草很挑剔。
All of the US venues are NFL stadiums, which use smaller fields.
它需要氧氣、水分以及大量的光照。
And grass is fussy.
>> 我們談論的是這個草坪計畫需要 6-7 年才能實現，而現在已成現實。
It needs oxygen, water, and massive amounts of light.
它需要氧氣、水分以及大量的光照。
>> We're talking 6-7 years for this pitch project just to happen, and now it's reality.
>> 我們談論的是這個草坪計畫需要 6-7 年才能實現，而現在已成現實。
>> We can look at this one where there's different fertilizer.
>> 我們可以看到這裡使用不同的肥料。
3:00 in the afternoon.
下午3:00。
This is the equivalent of the sun coming up.
相當於太陽升起。
We're trying to find the balance of what's enough light to get the grass to grow, and when we traffic it that it's
我們正試圖找出足夠生長草所需的光照平衡，以及在通行時它能否支撐，因為它是一種生物。
going to hold up cuz it's a living organism.
因為它是活的生物。
You abuse it, it's going to die.
濫用它，它會死亡。
And that's kind of what we've worked on for the last 3 years inside of this this building.
這就是我們在過去三年於本樓內所從事的工作。
I've been doing sports turf research since fall of 1992 when I started working as a student at Michigan State
我自 1992 年秋季在密歇根州立大學作為學生開始從事運動草坪研究，為 '94 年世界盃做準備。
University in preparation for the '94 World Cup.
該大學正為 '94 年世界盃做準備。
And I've been doing sports turf research pretty aggressively since then.
從此以後，我一直持續且積極地研究運動用草坪。
If you talk to any player who played in the World Cup, I'm pretty confident they would all say they would
如果你問任何參加過世界盃的球員，我相當有信心他們都會說…
way rather play on natural grass.
更寧於踢在天然草地上。
Especially ones that score a lot of goals and they want to run and do that knee slide to the flag.
特別是那些進了許多球、想衝刺並想要做膝蓋滑向旗幟的球員。
You don't want to be sliding on artificial turf and burning all the skin off your knees.
你不想在人工草坪上滑倒，結果把膝蓋的皮膚全部燒掉。
This is the Bermuda grass that's being used for the warm season stadiums.
這就是用於溫季球場的百慕大草。
So, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Kansas City, San Francisco, Miami, and in New York, New
因此，瓜地馬拉城、蒙特雷、堪薩斯城、聖弗朗西斯科、邁阿密，以及紐約的新澤西。 28. 百慕利草的特色在於它會產生地上走茶枝（stolons）作為蔓生。
Jersey.
它也會透過地下莖（rhizomes）生長，這些地下走茶枝就是地下莖，你可以在地面下的沙子裡看到它們往下延伸。
What's unique about Bermuda grass is it grows by above ground runners that we call
它也會透過地下莖（rhizomes）生長，這些地下走茶枝就是地下莖，你可以在地面下的沙子裡看到它們往下延伸。
stolons.
所以，這種草會在地上與地下同時生長。
It also grows by rhizomes, which are below ground runners, and you can see them going below in the sand
因此，當草受損時，它能自行填補，而這些地下莖則像鉓釘般穩固沙子。
below here.
在涼季氣候與穹頂球場中，我們會使用黑藍草（Kentucky bluegrass）與多年生黑麥草（perennial ryegrass）。
And so this grass grows above ground and below ground.
黑藍草通過地下莖生長，但不使用地上走茶枝。
So when you do wear it out, it can fill in, but those rhizomes also act like anchors to stabilize that
不像百慕大草那樣激進，但仍會以此方式生長。
sand.
所以，你會得到一些這樣的固定效果。
In the cool season climates and in the dome stadiums, we're using Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass.
> 想像球场就像一層蛋糕，直接在已有草坪之上建造。 (music)
And Kentucky bluegrass grows by rhizomes, but not the stolons.
所以，你會得到一些這樣的固定效果。
Not as aggressively as the Bermuda grass, but it grows by those.
> 想像球场就像一層蛋糕，直接在已有草坪之上建造。 (music)
So you get some of that anchoring effect.
>> Think of the pitch as a layer cake that's built directly [music] on top of the stadium's existing turf.
First is either a gravel or modular plastic layer packed with drainage pipes [music] to
prevent flooding.
On top of that are several inches of specialized sand [music]
giving the roots room to breathe.
And finally, the playing surface [music] that you actually see on TV.
A thin 1 and 3/4 inch shell of living sod.
>> We want to make sure when that athlete athlete's running [music] and cutting, they're going to have the same feel of
foot.
We also do research to look at not just the athlete performance, but how does the ball bounce and roll on that
surface as well.
And so we want surfaces, even though they're different types of grass, to be as homogeneous and
consistent and uniform as possible.
Really tough to pull them out.
We need a pair of pliers.
So this is the flex device.
This is a device we developed at the University of Tennessee and can simulate a foot strike
of a foot hitting the surface.
If the surface isn't very good, like natural grass surface, it might tear up or
divot.
We can test different surfaces all with the same weight and the same [music] cleat.
So we can look at the variability of the surface.
我們可以觀察表面的變化。
This has been really instrumental for us 426.
這對我們426特別重要。 63. >> [music] >> 接著，我們要把實驗規模擴展到整個
>> [music] >> And then there's the matter of scaling the experiment across an entire
大陸。
continent.
大陸。
>> We've had to bring the grass from Denver, Colorado because the type of grass that's growing inside the stadium
>> 我們不得已把草從科羅拉多的丹佛運來，因為球場內生長的草種是冷季草，通常我們無法讓冷季草成功建立。 66. 是冷季草，通常我們無法讓冷季草成功建立。
is a cool season grass and typically we're not able to establish cool season grass
這場運送是與時間的競賽。
>> [music] >> uh in in Texas long enough to make a sod that's transportable.
>> [music] >> 德州的氣候不夠長時間，足以讓草長出可運輸的草坪。
>> The delivery is a race against time.
這場運送是與時間的競賽。
A stadium's worth of sod has to travel in dozens of refrigerated trucks with rotating drivers keeping the shipment
整個球場的草坪必須搭載在數十輛冷藏卡車上，司機輪流駕駛，確保貨物持續移動。
moving around the clock.
全天候不停。
The stadiums need to prepare the infrastructure in advance so that the sod can immediately be laid down and the
球場必須提前做好基礎設施，以便草坪能立即鋪設，讓根系開始生長。
roots can begin to expand.
在某些球場，例如達拉斯，為了容納所有基礎設施，必須把草坪抬高超過一英尺。
In some stadiums, [music] like Dallas, accommodating all that infrastructure meant raising the entire pitch [music]
>> 確實在過去兩個月裡，這裡進出了許多卡車。
by more than a foot.
草是天然的活體產品，我們必須與它合作而非對抗。
>> There's many many trucks that have come in and out of here over the last 2 months, that's for sure.
我們把它帶入一個可能不自然生長的環境，因此必須照顧、處理它。
Grass is a natural product, it's living, and we have to work with it, not against it.
>> [music] >> 看著它、看它成功。
We're bringing it into an environment where it may not naturally kind of grow, so we need to care for it, treat it, and
通常，草會在約12小時內被放置，然後又會休息12小時。
uh seeing it and seeing it succeed.
>> 因應球場設計和當地氣候的巨大差異，[music]
>> Typically, we're looking around 12 hours uh that they'll be on, and then uh they'll they'll be off for 12 hours.
通常，草會在約12小時內被放置，然後又會休息12小時。
>> Because of the vast differences in stadium design and local climates, [music]
>> 因應球場設計和當地氣候的巨大差異，[music]
FIFA has to deploy a completely unique recipe for every single venue.
FIFA 必須為每一個場館研發完全獨特的配方。
>> [music] >> In Mexico City, stadium managers had to cultivate a grass variety the high
>> [音樂] >> 在墨西哥城，球場經營者必須培育一種在高海拔場館歷史上從未生長的草種。
altitude venue [music] has never grown in its history.
幾乎每一個美式足球場都必須進行大規模結構翻新，才能讓足球場適配於場內空間。
Across almost every American football venue, massive structural renovations had to be done to make a soccer pitch
在休斯頓，工程師[音樂]必須壓縮整個流程，以避免干擾每年的畜牧展和角力賽。
fit in the space.
>> 目前，我們在舞台後方看到正在安裝世界盃和決賽用草坪的地方。
And in Houston, engineers [music] had to compress the entire process to avoid disrupting the annual livestock show and
兩天前，我們在費城正在執行完全相同的流程。
rodeo.
現在，我們已開始在溫哥華，這是一項龐大的工程。
>> Currently, we're seeing behind me where installing the pitch for the FIFA World Cup and the final.
實際上，這相當殘酷，正如我所說。
2 days ago, we were in Philadelphia doing exactly the same process.
這只是一項非常酷的挑戰，能參與其中真的很棒。
Today, we've started Vancouver, so it's a huge huge project.
>> 許多球場在世界杯結束後會移除草坪。
It's unforgiving, to be honest.
然而，研究人員希望證明自然草地在各種運動中都是可行的。
It's just a really cool challenge to be a part of.
>> 我希望有一個你說的那樣的遺產效應。
>> Many of the stadiums will remove the grass after the World Cup ends.
我們已完成研究，基於證據的科學證明，無論運動類型或等級，都能擁有理想的自然草地。
But, researchers hope to prove that natural grass playing surfaces are possible across sports.
[音樂] 不管是小小的 Mary 打足球，體重 35 lbs，還是大個 Bubba 打美式足球，體重 350 lbs，我們都能提供草地。
>> I hope there's a you know, legacy effect of this.
我們可以為任何想要的人提供草地。
We've done the research, we've done the evidence-based science behind what you can have, no matter what the
[音樂] 不管是小小的 Mary 打足球，體重 35 lbs，還是大個 Bubba 打美式足球，體重 350 lbs，我們都能提供草地。
sport is or what the level of sport is, you can have an ideal natural grass surface.
我們可以為任何想要的人提供草地。
[music] Whether you're little Mary playing soccer at at 35 lbs to Bubba playing American football at 350
lbs.
We can have an a grass surface for anyone that wants to have it.